Articles | Volume 11, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-1107-2020
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-1107-2020
Research article
 | 
07 Dec 2020
Research article |  | 07 Dec 2020

The extremely warm summer of 2018 in Sweden – set in a historical context

Renate Anna Irma Wilcke, Erik Kjellström, Changgui Lin, Daniela Matei, Anders Moberg, and Evangelos Tyrlis

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Cited articles

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Alexandersson, H. and Eggertsson Karlström, C.: Temperaturen och nederbörden i Sverige 1961–1990, Referensnormaler – utgåva 2, SMHI, reports Meteorologi, 99, SMHI, Norrköping, Sweden, 71 pp., ISSN 0283-7730, 2001. 
Alexandersson, H. and Moberg, A.: Homogenization of Swedish Temperature data. PART I: Homogeneity Test for Linear Trends, Int. J. Climatol., 17, 25–34, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199701)17:1<25::AID-JOC103>3.0.CO;2-J, 1997. 
Åström, C., Bjelkmar, P., and Forsberg, B.: Attributing summer mortality to heat during 2018 heatwave in Sweden, Environ. Epidemiol., 3, 16–17, https://doi.org/10.1097/01.EE9.0000605788.56297.b5, 2019. 
Brunner, L., Schaller, N., Anstey, J., Sillmann, J., and Steiner, A. K.: Dependence of present and future European temperature extremes on the location of atmospheric blocking, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 6311–6320, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077837, 2018. 
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Short summary
Two long-lasting high-pressure systems in summer 2018 led to heat waves over Scandinavia and an extended summer period with devastating impacts on both agriculture and human life. Using five climate model ensembles, the unique 263-year Stockholm temperature time series and a composite 150-year time series for the whole of Sweden, we found that anthropogenic climate change has strongly increased the probability of a warm summer, such as the one observed in 2018, occurring in Sweden.
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