Articles | Volume 13, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-341-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-341-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Impact of urbanization on the thermal environment of the Chengdu–Chongqing urban agglomeration under complex terrain
Si Chen
State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences
and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences
and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Jinbo Xie
State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences
and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Bin Liu
School of Software Engineering, Chengdu University of Information
Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
Binghao Jia
State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences
and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Peihua Qin
State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences
and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Longhuan Wang
State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences
and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences
and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Ruichao Li
State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences
and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Related authors
Yanbin You, Zhenghui Xie, Binghao Jia, Yan Wang, Longhuan Wang, Ruichao Li, Heng Yan, Yuhang Tian, and Si Chen
Earth Syst. Dynam., 14, 897–914, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-897-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-897-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the impacts of anthropogenic water regulation on riverine DOC transport by the developed model. The results suggested that DOC transport in most rivers was mainly influenced by reservoir interception and surface water withdrawal. The impact of human water regulation on riverine DOC exports grew year by year. In general, this study developed an effective scheme to simulate DOC exports from terrestrial to aquatic systems, which is important for estimating global carbon budgets.
Bin Liu, Zhenghui Xie, Shuang Liu, Yujing Zeng, Ruichao Li, Longhuan Wang, Yan Wang, Binghao Jia, Peihua Qin, Si Chen, Jinbo Xie, and ChunXiang Shi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 387–400, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-387-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-387-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We implemented both urban water use schemes in a model (Weather Research and Forecasting model) and assessed their cooling effects with different amounts of water in different parts of the city (center, suburbs, and rural areas) for both road sprinkling and urban irrigation by model simulation. Then, we developed an optimization scheme to find out the optimal water use strategies for mitigating high urban temperatures.
Jinbo Xie, Qi Tang, Michael Prather, Jadwiga Richter, and Shixuan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 9315–9333, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9315-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9315-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Analysis of the interaction between the climate and ozone in the stratosphere is complicated by the inability of climate models to simulate the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) – an important climate mode in the stratosphere. We use a set of model simulations that realistically simulate QBO and a novel ozone diagnostic tool to separate temperature- and circulation-driven QBO impacts. These are important for diagnosing model–model differences in QBO–ozone responses for climate projections.
Yanbin You, Zhenghui Xie, Binghao Jia, Yan Wang, Longhuan Wang, Ruichao Li, Heng Yan, Yuhang Tian, and Si Chen
Earth Syst. Dynam., 14, 897–914, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-897-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-897-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the impacts of anthropogenic water regulation on riverine DOC transport by the developed model. The results suggested that DOC transport in most rivers was mainly influenced by reservoir interception and surface water withdrawal. The impact of human water regulation on riverine DOC exports grew year by year. In general, this study developed an effective scheme to simulate DOC exports from terrestrial to aquatic systems, which is important for estimating global carbon budgets.
Bin Liu, Zhenghui Xie, Shuang Liu, Yujing Zeng, Ruichao Li, Longhuan Wang, Yan Wang, Binghao Jia, Peihua Qin, Si Chen, Jinbo Xie, and ChunXiang Shi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 387–400, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-387-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-387-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We implemented both urban water use schemes in a model (Weather Research and Forecasting model) and assessed their cooling effects with different amounts of water in different parts of the city (center, suburbs, and rural areas) for both road sprinkling and urban irrigation by model simulation. Then, we developed an optimization scheme to find out the optimal water use strategies for mitigating high urban temperatures.
Cited articles
Berling-Wolff, S. and Jianguo, W. U.: Modeling urban landscape dynamics: a
case study in phoenix, USA, Urban Ecosyst., 7, 215–240, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:UECO.0000044037.23965.45, 2004.
Bruinsma, F. and Rietveld, P.: Urban Agglomerations in European
Infrastructure Networks, Urban Stud., 30, 919–934,
https://doi.org/10.1080/00420989320080861, 1993.
Chen, F., Yang, X., and Zhu, W.: WRF simulations of urban heat island under
hot-weather synoptic conditions: The case study of Hangzhou City, China,
Atmos. Res., 138, 364–377, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.12.005,
2014.
Dudhia, J.: Numerical study of convection observed during the winter monsoon experiment using a mesoscale two-dimensional model, J. Atmos., 46, 3077–3107, 1989.
Hamdi, R. and Schayes, G.: Sensitivity study of the urban heat island intensity to
urban characteristics, Int. J. Climatol., 7, 973–982,
https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1598, 2010.
Hong, S. Y., Hong, Y., and Dudhia, N. J.: A new vertical diffusion package with an explicit treatment of entrainment processes, Mon. Weather Rev., 134, 2318–2341, 2006.
IGSNRR: CNLUCC/China’s Multi-Period
Land Use Land Cover Remote Sensing Monitoring [data set],
https://doi.org/10.12078/2018070201, 2018.
Kalnay, E. and Cai, M.: Impact of urbanization and land-use change on climate,
Nature, 425, 102–102, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01952, 2003.
Kawashima T.: Urban agglomeration economies in manufacturing industries, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 34, 157–172, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01941317, 1975.
Liu, X. J., Tian, G. J., and Feng, J. M.: Assessing summertime urban
warming and the cooling efficacy of adaptation strategy in the
Chengdu-Chongqing metropolitan region of China, Sci. Total
Environ., 610–611, 1092–1102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.082, 2018.
Lin, C. Y., Fei, C., Huang, J. C., Chen, W. C., Liou, Y. A.,Chen, W. N., and Liu, S. C.: Urban heat island effect and its impact on boundary layer development and land–sea circulation over northern Taiwan, Atmos. Environ., 42, 5635–5649, 2008.
Ministry of Natural Resources of PRC, Ministry of Ecological Environment of
PRC, and Ministry of Finance of PRC: Guidelines for Ecological Protection
and Restoration Project of Mountains, Rivers, Forests, Fields, Lakes and
Grasse, available at: https://www.cgs.gov.cn/tzgg/tzgg/202009/W020200921635208145062.pdf, 2020.
Mlawer, E. J., Taubman, S. T., Brown, P. D., Iacono, M. J., and Clough, S. A.: Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmospheres: RRTM, a validated correlated-k model for the longwave, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 102, 16663–16682, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD00237, 1997.
Monin, A. S. and Obukhov, A. M.: Basic laws of turbulent mixing in the atmosphere near the ground, Tr. Geofiz. Inst., Akad. Nauk SSSR 24, 163–187, 1954.
National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Weather
Service/NOAA/U.S. Department of Commerce: Research Data Archive at
the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Computational and Information
Systems Laboratory, NCEP GDAS/FNL 0.25 Degree Global Tropospheric Analyses
and Forecast Grids, Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, https://doi.org/10.5065/D65Q4T4Z, 2015.
National Development and Reform Commission of PRC, Ministry of Housing and
Urban-Rural Development of PRC: Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration
Development Plan, 2014–2020, available at:
https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/fzggw/jgsj/ghs/sjdt/201605/W020191010642895842500.pdf (last access: 17 August 2019), 2016.
Ning, G., Wang, S., Yim, S. H. L., Li, J., Hu, Y., Shang, Z., Wang, J., and Wang, J.: Impact of low-pressure systems on winter heavy air pollution in the northwest Sichuan Basin, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13601–13615, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13601-2018, 2018.
Ning, G., Yim, S. H. L., Wang, S., Duan, B., Nie, C., and Yang, X.:
Synergistic effects of synoptic weather patterns and topography on air
quality: a case of the Sichuan Basin of China, Clim. Dynam.,
11, 6729–6744, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04954-3, 2019.
Niu, G. Y., Yang, Z. L., Mitchell, K. E., Chen, F., Ek, M. B., and Barlage, M.: The community noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (noah-mp): 1. model description and evaluation with local-scale measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D12110, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015140, 2011.
Oke, T. R.: The Heat Island of the Urban Boundary Layer: Characteristics, Causes and Effects, NATO Advanced Study Institute on Wind Climate in Cities, 277, 81–107, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3686-2_5, 1995.
OriginLab: https://www.originlab.com/2021b, last access: 1 May 2021.
Richardson, N. J., Densmore, A. L., Seward, D., Fowler, A., Wipf, M., Ellis, M. A., Yong, L., and Zhang, Y.: Extraordinary denudation in the Sichuan Basin: Insights
from low-temperature thermochronology adjacent to the eastern margin of the
Tibetan Plateau, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 113, B04409,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JB004739, 2008.
Robaa, E.: Effect of Urbanization and Industrialization Processes on Outdoor
Thermal Human Comfort in Egypt, Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, 3, 100–112,
https://doi.org/10.4236/acs.2011.13012, 2011.
Saitoh, T. S., Shimada, T., and Hoshi, H.: Modeling and simulation of the
Tokyo urban heat island, Atmos. Environ., 30, 3431–3442,
https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(95)00489-0, 1996.
Shao, Y. K., Shen, T. L., You, Y., and Kang, L.: Precipitation features of Sichuan Basin in the recent 40 decades, J. Southwest Agricultural University, 27, 749–752, https://doi.org/10.11821/xb201105005, 2005.
Skamarock, W. C. and Klemp, J. B.: A time-split nonhydrostatic atmospheric model for weather research and forecasting applications, J. Comput. Phys., 227, 3465–3485, 2008,
Thompson, G., Field, P. R., Rasmussen, R. M., and Hall, W. D.: Explicit forecasts of winter precipitation using an improved bulk microphysics scheme. Part II: Implementation of a new snow parameterization, Mon. Weather Rev., 136, 5095–5115, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008MWR2387.1, 2008.
Wang, J., Feng, J., Yan, Z., and Zha, J.: Urbanization Impact on Regional
Wind Stilling: A Modeling Study in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region of China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125, e2020JD033132, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033132, 2020.
Wang, X. R., Hui, E. C.-M., Choguill, C., and Jia, S.-H.: The new urbanization policy in China: Which way forward?, Habitat Int., 47, 279–284, 2015.
Yang, Z. L., Niu, G. Y., Mitchell, K. E., Chen, F., Ek, M. B., Barlage, M., Longuevergne,
L., Manning, K., Niyogi, D., Tewari, M., and Xia, X.: The community noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (noah-mp): 2. evaluation over global river basins, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D12110, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015140, 2011.
Yang, L., Smith, J., and Niyogi, D.: Urban Impacts on Extreme Monsoon
Rainfall and Flooding in Complex Terrain, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
46, 5918–59274, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083363, 2019.
Yuan, C. and Xie, S.: Temporal and spatial visibility trends in the Sichuan
Basin, China, 1973 to 2010, Atmos. Res., 112, 25–34,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.04.009, 2012.
Zhao, L., Oleson, K., Bou-Zeid, E., Krayenhoff, E. S., and Oppenheimer, M.:
Global multi-model projections of local urban climates, Nat. Clim. Change,
11, 152–157, doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00958-8, 2021.
Short summary
This study discusses the changes in the summer thermal environment in the Chengdu–Chongqing urban agglomeration due to urban expansion in complex terrain conditions in the recent 40 years, using high-resolution simulations with the WRF model. We quantify the influence of a single urban expansion factor and a single complex terrain factor on the urban thermal environment. Under the joint influence of complex terrain and urban expansion, the heat island effect caused by urbanization was enhanced.
This study discusses the changes in the summer thermal environment in the Chengdu–Chongqing...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint