Articles | Volume 11, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-653-2020
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-653-2020
Research article
 | 
30 Jul 2020
Research article |  | 30 Jul 2020

Mesoscale atmospheric circulation controls of local meteorological elevation gradients on Kersten Glacier near Kilimanjaro summit

Thomas Mölg, Douglas R. Hardy, Emily Collier, Elena Kropač, Christina Schmid, Nicolas J. Cullen, Georg Kaser, Rainer Prinz, and Michael Winkler

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Cited articles

Anders, A. M. and Nesbitt, S. W.: Altitudinal precipitation gradients in the tropics from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar, J. Hydrometeorol., 16, 441–448, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-14-0178.1, 2015. 
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Ayala, A., Pellicciotti, F., and Shea, J. M.: Modeling 2 m air temperatures over mountain glaciers: Exploring the influence of katabatic cooling and external warming, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, 3139–3157, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023137, 2015. 
Baral, P., Kayastha, R. B., Immerzeel, W. W., Pradhananga, N. S., Bhattarai, B. C., Shahi, S., Galos, S., Springer, C., Joshi, S. P., and Mool, P. K.: Preliminary results of mass-balance observations of Yala Glacier and analysis of temperature and precipitation gradients in Langtang Valley, Nepal, Ann. Glaciol., 55, 9–14, https://doi.org/10.3189/2014AoG66A106, 2014. 
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Short summary
The glaciers on Kilimanjaro summit are like sample spots of the climate in the tropical mid-troposphere. Measurements of air temperature, air humidity, and precipitation with automated weather stations show that the differences in these meteorological elements between two altitudes (~ 5600 and ~ 5900 m) vary significantly over the day and the seasons, in concert with airflow dynamics around the mountain. Knowledge of these variations will improve atmosphere and cryosphere models.
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