Earth System Dynamics
Earth System Dynamics
ESD
Articles | Volume 17, issue 5
Articles | Volume 17, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-1277-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-1277-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 17, issue 5
Research article
 | 
21 Sep 2026
Research article |  | 21 Sep 2026

Ensemble simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum marine biogeochemistry and atmospheric pCO2 drawdown due to the soft-tissue biological carbon pump

Chia-Te Chien, Markus Pahlow, Christopher J. Somes, Markus Schartau, and Andreas Oschlies

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Short summary
We aim to investigate the variability and drivers of atmospheric pCO2 drawdown during the Last Glacial Maximum using an ensemble of model simulations. Our ensemble explores the effects of parameter uncertainty and different forcing scenarios on marine biogeochemistry and pCO2. We show that changes in ocean circulation, nutrient utilization, and iron availability regulate the efficiency of the biological carbon pump, accounting for a substantial portion of the glacial–interglacial pCO2 change.
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