Earth System Dynamics
Earth System Dynamics
ESD
Articles | Volume 17, issue 3
Articles | Volume 17, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-673-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-673-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 17, issue 3
Research article
 | 
01 Jun 2026
Research article |  | 01 Jun 2026

Quantifying resilience in non-autonomous and stochastic Earth system dynamics with application to glacial-interglacial cycles

Jakob Harteg, Nico Wunderling, and Jonathan F. Donges

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Short summary
We investigate how resilient Earth’s climate system is to disturbances by analysing glacial-interglacial cycles using a simple climate model. By simulating small and large shocks to ice volume, we show that Earth’s climate more easily returns to its natural path during warm periods. These results improve our understanding of how Earth resilience varies over time in systems driven by external forces.
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Earth resilience in the Anthropocene
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