Earth System Dynamics
Earth System Dynamics
ESD
Articles | Volume 17, issue 5
Articles | Volume 17, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-1201-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-1201-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 17, issue 5
Research article
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07 Sep 2026
Research article | Highlight paper |  | 07 Sep 2026

Global hyper-resolution modeling of historical and future groundwater dynamics

Barry van Jaarsveld, Niko Wanders, Nicole Gyakowah Otoo, Edwin H. Sutanudjaja, Jarno Verkaik, Daniel Zamrsky, and Marc F. P. Bierkens

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Editorial statement
Groundwater depletion is among the most pressing global environmental challenges today, with a recent UN report warning of an "era of global water bankruptcy.” This study sheds light on how groundwater resources are likely to evolve through to 2100 under different climate and socioeconomic scenarios at hyper‑resolution (~1 km). All model simulations are openly accessible to support research and decision‑making in regions where observational data are limited.
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Short summary
We simulated how global groundwater levels have changed in the past and how they might change in the future. By improving model accuracy and using hyper-resolution data, we can now see where water tables are falling or rising across the world at 1km resolution. These results help communities and decision-makers plan for more sustainable water use in a changing climate.
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