Earth System Dynamics
Earth System Dynamics
ESD
Articles | Volume 16, issue 6
Articles | Volume 16, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-2101-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-2101-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 16, issue 6
Research article
 | 
20 Nov 2025
Research article |  | 20 Nov 2025

Irreversible phytoplankton community shifts over Subpolar North Atlantic in response to CO2 forcing

Dong-Geon Lee, Eun Young Kwon, Jonghun Kam, and Jong-Seong Kug

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Short summary
Phytoplankton communities in the Sub-Polar North Atlantic shift towards smaller species under greenhouse warming, with limited recovery even under CO2 removal. This shift results from reduced surface nutrient availability caused by the weakened Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), which recovers slowly. Nutrient depletion disrupts trophic dynamics, decreasing diatoms and increasing smaller phytoplankton, leading to a significant reduction in the ocean's carbon export capacity.
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