Articles | Volume 8, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-749-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-749-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
21 Aug 2017
Research article |
| 21 Aug 2017
Managing fire risk during drought: the influence of certification and El Niño on fire-driven forest conversion for oil palm in Southeast Asia
Praveen Noojipady
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
Douglas C. Morton
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
Wilfrid Schroeder
Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
Kimberly M. Carlson
Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
Chengquan Huang
Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
Holly K. Gibbs
Department of Geography and
the Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726, USA
David Burns
National Wildlife Federation, National Advocacy Center, Washington, DC
20006, USA
Nathalie F. Walker
National Wildlife Federation, National Advocacy Center, Washington, DC
20006, USA
Stephen D. Prince
Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
Related authors
No articles found.
Tianjia Liu, James T. Randerson, Yang Chen, Douglas C. Morton, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Padhraic Smyth, Efi Foufoula-Georgiou, Roy Nadler, and Omer Nevo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1395–1424, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1395-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1395-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To improve our understanding of extreme wildfire behavior, we use geostationary satellite data to develop the GOFER algorithm and track the hourly fire progression of large wildfires. GOFER fills a key temporal gap present in other fire tracking products that rely on low-Earth-orbit imagery and reveals considerable variability in fire spread rates on diurnal timescales. We create a product of hourly fire perimeters, active-fire lines, and fire spread rates for 28 fires in California.
Yang Chen, Joanne Hall, Dave van Wees, Niels Andela, Stijn Hantson, Louis Giglio, Guido R. van der Werf, Douglas C. Morton, and James T. Randerson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5227–5259, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5227-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5227-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using multiple sets of remotely sensed data, we created a dataset of monthly global burned area from 1997 to 2020. The estimated annual global burned area is 774 million hectares, significantly higher than previous estimates. Burned area declined by 1.21% per year due to extensive fire loss in savanna, grassland, and cropland ecosystems. This study enhances our understanding of the impact of fire on the carbon cycle and climate system, and may improve the predictions of future fire changes.
Kanishka B. Narayan, Alan V. Di Vittorio, Evan Margiotta, Seth A. Spawn-Lee, and Holly K. Gibbs
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-251, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-251, 2023
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we present a new dataset of grid cell level spatially explicit carbon harmonized with land types in a global Multisector Dynamics Model. This dataset can be used to define an initial condition of terrestrial carbon in MSD models. Our harmonized dataset presents carbon values for 3 pools (topsoil, above ground biomass and below ground biomass) for six statistical states across land use types. Our dataset is available at a pixel level (5 arcmin) and aggregated to 699 land regions.
Dave van Wees, Guido R. van der Werf, James T. Randerson, Brendan M. Rogers, Yang Chen, Sander Veraverbeke, Louis Giglio, and Douglas C. Morton
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 8411–8437, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-8411-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-8411-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a global fire emission model based on the GFED model framework with a spatial resolution of 500 m. The higher resolution allowed for a more detailed representation of spatial heterogeneity in fuels and emissions. Specific modules were developed to model, for example, emissions from fire-related forest loss and belowground burning. Results from the 500 m model were compared to GFED4s, showing that global emissions were relatively similar but that spatial differences were substantial.
Yanhua Xie, Holly K. Gibbs, and Tyler J. Lark
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5689–5710, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5689-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5689-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We created 30 m resolution annual irrigation maps covering the conterminous US for the period of 1997–2017, together with derivative products and ground reference data. The products have several improvements over other data, including field-level details of change and frequency, an annual time step, a collection of ~ 10 000 ground reference locations for the eastern US, and improved mapping accuracy of over 90 %, especially in the east compared to others of 50 % to 80 %.
Marcos A. S. Scaranello, Michael Keller, Marcos Longo, Maiza N. dos-Santos, Veronika Leitold, Douglas C. Morton, Ekena R. Pinagé, and Fernando Del Bon Espírito-Santo
Biogeosciences, 16, 3457–3474, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3457-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3457-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The coarse dead wood component of the tropical forest carbon pool is rarely measured. For the first time, we developed models for predicting coarse dead wood in Amazonian forests by using airborne laser scanning data. Our models produced site-based estimates similar to independent field estimates found in the literature. Our study provides an approach for estimating coarse dead wood pools from remotely sensed data and mapping those pools over large scales in intact and degraded forests.
Niels Andela, Douglas C. Morton, Louis Giglio, Ronan Paugam, Yang Chen, Stijn Hantson, Guido R. van der Werf, and James T. Randerson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 529–552, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-529-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-529-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Natural and human-ignited fires affect all major biomes, and satellite observations provide evidence for rapid changes in global fire activity. The Global Fire Atlas of individual fire size, duration, speed, and direction is the first global data product on individual fire behavior. Moving towards a global understanding of individual fire behavior is a critical next step in fire research, required to understand how global fire regimes are changing in response to land management and climate.
Guido R. van der Werf, James T. Randerson, Louis Giglio, Thijs T. van Leeuwen, Yang Chen, Brendan M. Rogers, Mingquan Mu, Margreet J. E. van Marle, Douglas C. Morton, G. James Collatz, Robert J. Yokelson, and Prasad S. Kasibhatla
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 697–720, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-697-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-697-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Fires occur in many vegetation types and are sometimes natural but often ignited by humans for various purposes. We have estimated how much area they burn globally and what their emissions are. Total burned area is roughly equivalent to the size of the EU with most fires burning in tropical savannas. Their emissions vary substantially from year to year and contribute to the atmospheric burdens of many trace gases and aerosols. The 20-year dataset is mostly suited for large-scale assessments.
Huan Gu, Christopher A. Williams, Bardan Ghimire, Feng Zhao, and Chengquan Huang
Biogeosciences, 13, 6321–6337, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6321-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6321-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce a new method of quantifying time since disturbance and carbon flux across forested landscapes in the Pacific Northwest at a 30m scale by combining remote-sensing-based disturbance year, type, and above-ground biomass with forest inventory data in a carbon modeling framework. Our approach will be applied to forestlands in other regions of the conterminous US to advance a comprehensive monitoring, mapping, and reporting of the carbon consequences of forest change across the US.
Hasan Jackson and Stephen D. Prince
Biogeosciences, 13, 4721–4734, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4721-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4721-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Anthropogenic land degradation affects many terrestrial processes, including reductions of net primary productivity. This study identifies degradation through spatial comparison of areas with similar growth potentials in six semiarid river basins in Australia using satellite data from 2000 to 2013. Varying severities and rates of degradation were detected across the basins, most linked to indirect management. Evidence of permanent degradation was found despite an overall trend of greening.
Douglas C. Morton, Jérémy Rubio, Bruce D. Cook, Jean-Philippe Gastellu-Etchegorry, Marcos Longo, Hyeungu Choi, Maria Hunter, and Michael Keller
Biogeosciences, 13, 2195–2206, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2195-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2195-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Seasonal dynamics of tropical forest productivity remain an important source of uncertainty in assessments of the land carbon sink. This study confirms the potential for canopy structure and illumination geometry to alter the seasonal availability of light for canopy photosynthesis without changes in canopy composition. Our results point to the need for 3-D forest structure in ecosystem models to account the impact of changing illumination geometry on tropical forest productivity.
Y. Le Page, D. Morton, B. Bond-Lamberty, J. M. C. Pereira, and G. Hurtt
Biogeosciences, 12, 887–903, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-887-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-887-2015, 2015
M. O. Hunter, M. Keller, D. Victoria, and D. C. Morton
Biogeosciences, 10, 8385–8399, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-8385-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-8385-2013, 2013
D. C. Morton, G. J. Collatz, D. Wang, J. T. Randerson, L. Giglio, and Y. Chen
Biogeosciences, 10, 247–260, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-247-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-247-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Earth system interactions with the biosphere: landuse
The biogeophysical effects of idealized land cover and land management changes in Earth system models
The response of the regional longwave radiation balance and climate system in Europe to an idealized afforestation experiment
Comparison of uncertainties in land-use change fluxes from bookkeeping model parameterisation
Modelled land use and land cover change emissions – a spatio-temporal comparison of different approaches
Biases in the albedo sensitivity to deforestation in CMIP5 models and their impacts on the associated historical radiative forcing
Impact of environmental changes and land management practices on wheat production in India
Impacts of future agricultural change on ecosystem service indicators
Biogeophysical impacts of forestation in Europe: first results from the LUCAS (Land Use and Climate Across Scales) regional climate model intercomparison
A multi-model analysis of teleconnected crop yield variability in a range of cropping systems
Different response of surface temperature and air temperature to deforestation in climate models
Changes in crop yields and their variability at different levels of global warming
A global assessment of gross and net land change dynamics for current conditions and future scenarios
Quantification of the impacts of climate change and human agricultural activities on oasis water requirements in an arid region: a case study of the Heihe River basin, China
Projected changes in crop yield mean and variability over West Africa in a world 1.5 K warmer than the pre-industrial era
Current challenges of implementing anthropogenic land-use and land-cover change in models contributing to climate change assessments
Uncertainties in the land-use flux resulting from land-use change reconstructions and gross land transitions
Continuous and consistent land use/cover change estimates using socio-ecological data
Vulnerability to climate change and adaptation strategies of local communities in Malawi: experiences of women fish-processing groups in the Lake Chilwa Basin
Deforestation in Amazonia impacts riverine carbon dynamics
Assessing uncertainties in global cropland futures using a conditional probabilistic modelling framework
Ocean–atmosphere interactions modulate irrigation's climate impacts
Impacts of land-use history on the recovery of ecosystems after agricultural abandonment
Actors and networks in resource conflict resolution under climate change in rural Kenya
Groundwater nitrate concentration evolution under climate change and agricultural adaptation scenarios: Prince Edward Island, Canada
The role of spatial scale and background climate in the latitudinal temperature response to deforestation
Potential impact of climate and socioeconomic changes on future agricultural land use in West Africa
Implications of land use change in tropical northern Africa under global warming
Quantifying differences in land use emission estimates implied by definition discrepancies
Inter-annual and seasonal trends of vegetation condition in the Upper Blue Nile (Abay) Basin: dual-scale time series analysis
Local sources of global climate forcing from different categories of land use activities
Effects of climate variability on savannah fire regimes in West Africa
Sustainable management of river oases along the Tarim River (SuMaRiO) in Northwest China under conditions of climate change
Terminology as a key uncertainty in net land use and land cover change carbon flux estimates
Towards decision-based global land use models for improved understanding of the Earth system
Implications of accounting for land use in simulations of ecosystem carbon cycling in Africa
The impact of nitrogen and phosphorous limitation on the estimated terrestrial carbon balance and warming of land use change over the last 156 yr
A theoretical framework for the net land-to-atmosphere CO2 flux and its implications in the definition of "emissions from land-use change"
Spatio-temporal analysis of the urban–rural gradient structure: an application in a Mediterranean mountainous landscape (Serra San Bruno, Italy)
Effects of land cover change on temperature and rainfall extremes in multi-model ensemble simulations
Urbanization suitability maps: a dynamic spatial decision support system for sustainable land use
The influence of vegetation on the ITCZ and South Asian monsoon in HadCM3
Steven J. De Hertog, Felix Havermann, Inne Vanderkelen, Suqi Guo, Fei Luo, Iris Manola, Dim Coumou, Edouard L. Davin, Gregory Duveiller, Quentin Lejeune, Julia Pongratz, Carl-Friedrich Schleussner, Sonia I. Seneviratne, and Wim Thiery
Earth Syst. Dynam., 14, 629–667, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-629-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-629-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Land cover and land management changes are important strategies for future land-based mitigation. We investigate the climate effects of cropland expansion, afforestation, irrigation and wood harvesting using three Earth system models. Results show that these have important implications for surface temperature where the land cover and/or management change occur and in remote areas. Idealized afforestation causes global warming, which might offset the cooling effect from enhanced carbon uptake.
Marcus Breil, Felix Krawczyk, and Joaquim G. Pinto
Earth Syst. Dynam., 14, 243–253, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-243-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-243-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We provide evidence that biogeophysical effects of afforestation can counteract the favorable biogeochemical climate effect of reduced CO2 concentrations. By changing the land surface characteristics, afforestation reduces vegetation surface temperatures, resulting in a reduced outgoing longwave radiation in summer, although CO2 concentrations are reduced. Since forests additionally absorb a lot of solar radiation due to their dark surfaces, afforestation has a total warming effect.
Ana Bastos, Kerstin Hartung, Tobias B. Nützel, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Richard A. Houghton, and Julia Pongratz
Earth Syst. Dynam., 12, 745–762, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-745-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-745-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Fluxes from land-use change and management (FLUC) are a large source of uncertainty in global and regional carbon budgets. Here, we evaluate the impact of different model parameterisations on FLUC. We show that carbon stock densities and allocation of carbon following transitions contribute more to uncertainty in FLUC than response-curve time constants. Uncertainty in FLUC could thus, in principle, be reduced by available Earth-observation data on carbon densities at a global scale.
Wolfgang A. Obermeier, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Tammas Loughran, Kerstin Hartung, Ana Bastos, Felix Havermann, Peter Anthoni, Almut Arneth, Daniel S. Goll, Sebastian Lienert, Danica Lombardozzi, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Patrick C. McGuire, Joe R. Melton, Benjamin Poulter, Stephen Sitch, Michael O. Sullivan, Hanqin Tian, Anthony P. Walker, Andrew J. Wiltshire, Soenke Zaehle, and Julia Pongratz
Earth Syst. Dynam., 12, 635–670, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-635-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-635-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We provide the first spatio-temporally explicit comparison of different model-derived fluxes from land use and land cover changes (fLULCCs) by using the TRENDY v8 dynamic global vegetation models used in the 2019 global carbon budget. We find huge regional fLULCC differences resulting from environmental assumptions, simulated periods, and the timing of land use and land cover changes, and we argue for a method consistent across time and space and for carefully choosing the accounting period.
Quentin Lejeune, Edouard L. Davin, Grégory Duveiller, Bas Crezee, Ronny Meier, Alessandro Cescatti, and Sonia I. Seneviratne
Earth Syst. Dynam., 11, 1209–1232, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-1209-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-1209-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Trees are darker than crops or grasses; hence, they absorb more solar radiation. Therefore, land cover changes modify the fraction of solar radiation reflected by the land surface (its albedo), with consequences for the climate. We apply a new statistical method to simulations conducted with 15 recent climate models and find that albedo variations due to land cover changes since 1860 have led to a decrease in the net amount of energy entering the atmosphere by −0.09 W m2 on average.
Shilpa Gahlot, Tzu-Shun Lin, Atul K. Jain, Somnath Baidya Roy, Vinay K. Sehgal, and Rajkumar Dhakar
Earth Syst. Dynam., 11, 641–652, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-641-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-641-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Spring wheat, a staple for millions of people in India and the world, is vulnerable to changing environmental and management factors. Using a new spring wheat model, we find that over the 1980–2016 period elevated CO2 levels, irrigation, and nitrogen fertilizers led to an increase of 30 %, 12 %, and 15 % in countrywide production, respectively. In contrast, rising temperatures have reduced production by 18 %. These effects vary across the country, thereby affecting production at regional scales.
Sam S. Rabin, Peter Alexander, Roslyn Henry, Peter Anthoni, Thomas A. M. Pugh, Mark Rounsevell, and Almut Arneth
Earth Syst. Dynam., 11, 357–376, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-357-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-357-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We modeled how agricultural performance and demand will shift as a result of climate change and population growth, and how the resulting adaptations will affect aspects of the Earth system upon which humanity depends. We found that the impacts of land use and management can have stronger impacts than climate change on some such
ecosystem services. The overall impacts are strongest in future scenarios with more severe climate change, high population growth, and/or resource-intensive lifestyles.
Edouard L. Davin, Diana Rechid, Marcus Breil, Rita M. Cardoso, Erika Coppola, Peter Hoffmann, Lisa L. Jach, Eleni Katragkou, Nathalie de Noblet-Ducoudré, Kai Radtke, Mario Raffa, Pedro M. M. Soares, Giannis Sofiadis, Susanna Strada, Gustav Strandberg, Merja H. Tölle, Kirsten Warrach-Sagi, and Volker Wulfmeyer
Earth Syst. Dynam., 11, 183–200, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-183-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-183-2020, 2020
Matias Heino, Joseph H. A. Guillaume, Christoph Müller, Toshichika Iizumi, and Matti Kummu
Earth Syst. Dynam., 11, 113–128, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-113-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-113-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we analyse the impacts of three major climate oscillations on global crop production. Our results show that maize, rice, soybean, and wheat yields are influenced by climate oscillations to a wide extent and in several important crop-producing regions. We observe larger impacts if crops are rainfed or fully fertilized, while irrigation tends to mitigate the impacts. These results can potentially help to increase the resilience of the global food system to climate-related shocks.
Johannes Winckler, Christian H. Reick, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Alessandro Cescatti, Paul C. Stoy, Quentin Lejeune, Thomas Raddatz, Andreas Chlond, Marvin Heidkamp, and Julia Pongratz
Earth Syst. Dynam., 10, 473–484, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-10-473-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-10-473-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
For local living conditions, it matters whether deforestation influences the surface temperature, temperature at 2 m, or the temperature higher up in the atmosphere. Here, simulations with a climate model show that at a location of deforestation, surface temperature generally changes more strongly than atmospheric temperature. Comparison across climate models shows that both for summer and winter the surface temperature response exceeds the air temperature response locally by a factor of 2.
Sebastian Ostberg, Jacob Schewe, Katelin Childers, and Katja Frieler
Earth Syst. Dynam., 9, 479–496, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-479-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-479-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
It has been shown that regional temperature and precipitation changes in future climate change scenarios often scale quasi-linearly with global mean temperature change (∆GMT). We show that an important consequence of these physical climate changes, namely changes in agricultural crop yields, can also be described in terms of ∆GMT to a large extent. This makes it possible to efficiently estimate future crop yield changes for different climate change scenarios without need for complex models.
Richard Fuchs, Reinhard Prestele, and Peter H. Verburg
Earth Syst. Dynam., 9, 441–458, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-441-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-441-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed current global land change dynamics based on high-resolution (30–100 m) remote sensing products. We integrated these empirical data into a future simulation model to assess global land change dynamics in the future (2000 to 2040). The consideration of empirically derived land change dynamics in future models led globally to ca. 50 % more land changes than currently assumed in state-of-the-art models. This impacts the results of other global change studies (e.g. climate change).
Xingran Liu and Yanjun Shen
Earth Syst. Dynam., 9, 211–225, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-211-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-211-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The impacts of climate change and human activities on oasis water requirements in Heihe River basin were quantified with the methods of partial derivative and slope in this study. The results showed that the oasis water requirement increased sharply from 10.8 × 108 to 19.0 × 108 m3 during 1986–2013. Human activities were the dominant driving forces. Changes in climate, land scale and structure contributed to the increase in water requirement at rates of 6.9, 58.1, and 25.3 %, respectively.
Ben Parkes, Dimitri Defrance, Benjamin Sultan, Philippe Ciais, and Xuhui Wang
Earth Syst. Dynam., 9, 119–134, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-119-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-119-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present an analysis of three crops in West Africa and their response to short-term climate change in a world where temperatures are 1.5 °C above the preindustrial levels. We show that the number of crop failures for all crops is due to increase in the future climate. We further show the difference in yield change across several West African countries and show that the yields are not expected to increase fast enough to prevent food shortages.
Reinhard Prestele, Almut Arneth, Alberte Bondeau, Nathalie de Noblet-Ducoudré, Thomas A. M. Pugh, Stephen Sitch, Elke Stehfest, and Peter H. Verburg
Earth Syst. Dynam., 8, 369–386, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-369-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-369-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Land-use change is still overly simplistically implemented in global ecosystem and climate models. We identify and discuss three major challenges at the interface of land-use and climate modeling and propose ways for how to improve land-use representation in climate models. We conclude that land-use data-provider and user communities need to engage in the joint development and evaluation of enhanced land-use datasets to improve the quantification of land use–climate interactions and feedback.
Anita D. Bayer, Mats Lindeskog, Thomas A. M. Pugh, Peter M. Anthoni, Richard Fuchs, and Almut Arneth
Earth Syst. Dynam., 8, 91–111, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-91-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-91-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate the effects of land-use and land-cover changes on carbon pools and fluxes using a dynamic global vegetation model. Different historical reconstructions yielded an uncertainty of ca. ±30 % in the mean annual land use emission over the last decades. Accounting for the parallel expansion and abandonment of croplands on a sub-grid level (tropical shifting cultivation) substantially increased the effect of land use on carbon stocks and fluxes compared to only accounting for net effects.
Michael Marshall, Michael Norton-Griffiths, Harvey Herr, Richard Lamprey, Justin Sheffield, Tor Vagen, and Joseph Okotto-Okotto
Earth Syst. Dynam., 8, 55–73, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-55-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-55-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The transition of land from one cover type to another can adversely affect the Earth system. A growing body of research aims to map these transitions in space and time to better understand the impacts. Here we develop a statistical model that is parameterized by socio-ecological geospatial data and extensive aerial/ground surveys to visualize and interpret these transitions on an annual basis for 30 years in Kenya. Future work will use this method to project land suitability across Africa.
Hanne Jørstad and Christian Webersik
Earth Syst. Dynam., 7, 977–989, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-977-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-977-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This research is about climate change adaptation. It demonstrates how adaptation to climate change can avoid social tensions if done in a sustainable way. Evidence is drawn from Malawi in southern Africa.
Fanny Langerwisch, Ariane Walz, Anja Rammig, Britta Tietjen, Kirsten Thonicke, and Wolfgang Cramer
Earth Syst. Dynam., 7, 953–968, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-953-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-953-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Amazonia is heavily impacted by climate change and deforestation. During annual flooding terrigenous material is imported to the river, converted and finally exported to the ocean or the atmosphere. Changes in the vegetation alter therefore riverine carbon dynamics. Our results show that due to deforestation organic carbon amount will strongly decrease both in the river and exported to the ocean, while inorganic carbon amounts will increase, in the river as well as exported to the atmosphere.
Kerstin Engström, Stefan Olin, Mark D. A. Rounsevell, Sara Brogaard, Detlef P. van Vuuren, Peter Alexander, Dave Murray-Rust, and Almut Arneth
Earth Syst. Dynam., 7, 893–915, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-893-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-893-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The development of global cropland in the future depends on how many people there will be, how much meat and milk we will eat, how much food we will waste and how well farms will be managed. Uncertainties in these factors mean that global cropland could decrease from today's 1500 Mha to only 893 Mha in 2100, which would free land for biofuel production. However, if population rises towards 12 billion and global yields remain low, global cropland could also increase up to 2380 Mha in 2100.
Nir Y. Krakauer, Michael J. Puma, Benjamin I. Cook, Pierre Gentine, and Larissa Nazarenko
Earth Syst. Dynam., 7, 863–876, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-863-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-863-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We simulated effects of irrigation on climate with the NASA GISS global climate model. Present-day irrigation levels affected air pressures and temperatures even in non-irrigated land and ocean areas. The simulated effect was bigger and more widespread when ocean temperatures in the climate model could change, rather than being fixed. We suggest that expanding irrigation may affect global climate more than previously believed.
Andreas Krause, Thomas A. M. Pugh, Anita D. Bayer, Mats Lindeskog, and Almut Arneth
Earth Syst. Dynam., 7, 745–766, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-745-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-745-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We used a vegetation model to study the legacy effects of different land-use histories on ecosystem recovery in a range of environmental conditions. We found that recovery trajectories are crucially influenced by type and duration of former agricultural land use, especially for soil carbon. Spatially, we found the greatest sensitivity to land-use history in boreal forests and subtropical grasslands. These results are relevant for measurements, climate modeling and afforestation projects.
Grace W. Ngaruiya and Jürgen Scheffran
Earth Syst. Dynam., 7, 441–452, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-441-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-441-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change complicates rural conflict resolution dynamics and institutions. There is urgent need for conflict-sensitive adaptation in Africa. The study of social network data reveals three forms of fused conflict resolution arrangements in Loitoktok, Kenya. Where, extension officers, council of elders, local chiefs and private investors are potential conduits of knowledge. Efficiency of rural conflict resolution can be enhanced by diversification in conflict resolution actors and networks.
Daniel Paradis, Harold Vigneault, René Lefebvre, Martine M. Savard, Jean-Marc Ballard, and Budong Qian
Earth Syst. Dynam., 7, 183–202, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-183-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-183-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
According to groundwater flow and mass transport simulations, nitrate concentration for year 2050 would increase mainly due to the attainment of equilibrium conditions of the aquifer system related to actual nitrogen loadings, and to the increase in nitrogen loadings due to changes in agricultural practices. Impact of climate change on the groundwater recharge would contribute only slightly to that increase.
Yan Li, Nathalie De Noblet-Ducoudré, Edouard L. Davin, Safa Motesharrei, Ning Zeng, Shuangcheng Li, and Eugenia Kalnay
Earth Syst. Dynam., 7, 167–181, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-167-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-167-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of deforestation is to warm the tropics and cool the extratropics, and the magnitude of the impact depends on the spatial extent and the degree of forest loss. That also means location matters for the impact of deforestation on temperature because such an impact is largely determined by the climate condition of that region. For example, under dry and wet conditions, deforestation can have quite different climate impacts.
Kazi Farzan Ahmed, Guiling Wang, Liangzhi You, and Miao Yu
Earth Syst. Dynam., 7, 151–165, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-151-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-151-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A prototype model LandPro was developed to study climate change impact on land use in West Africa. LandPro considers climate and socioeconomic factors in projecting anthropogenic future land use change (LULCC). The model projections reflect that relative impact of climate change on LULCC in West Africa is region dependent. Results from scenario analysis suggest that science-informed decision-making by the farmers in agricultural land use can potentially reduce crop area expansion in the region.
T. Brücher, M. Claussen, and T. Raddatz
Earth Syst. Dynam., 6, 769–780, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-769-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-769-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A major link between climate and humans in northern Africa, and the Sahel in particular, is land use. We assess possible feedbacks between the type of land use and harvest intensity and climate by analysing a series of idealized GCM experiments using the MPI-ESM. Our study suggests marginal feedback between land use changes and climate changes triggered by strong greenhouse gas emissions.
B. D. Stocker and F. Joos
Earth Syst. Dynam., 6, 731–744, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-731-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-731-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Estimates for land use change CO2 emissions (eLUC) rely on different approaches, implying conceptual differences of what eLUC represents. We use an Earth System Model and quantify differences between two commonly applied methods to be ~20% for historical eLUC but increasing under a future scenario. We decompose eLUC into component fluxes, quantify them, and discuss best practices for global carbon budget accountings and model-data intercomparisons relying on different methods to estimate eLUC.
E. Teferi, S. Uhlenbrook, and W. Bewket
Earth Syst. Dynam., 6, 617–636, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-617-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-617-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This study concludes that integrated analysis of course and fine-scale, inter-annual and intra-annual trends enables a more robust identification of changes in vegetation condition. Seasonal trend analysis was found to be very useful in identifying changes in vegetation condition that could be masked if only inter-annual vegetation trend analysis were performed. The finer-scale intra-annual trend analysis revealed trends that were more linked to human activities.
D. S. Ward and N. M. Mahowald
Earth Syst. Dynam., 6, 175–194, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-175-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-175-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The radiative forcing of land use and land cover change activities has recently been computed for a set of forcing agents including long-lived greenhouse gases, short-lived agents (ozone and aerosols), and land surface albedo change. Here we address where the global forcing comes from and what land use activities, such as deforestation or agriculture, contribute the most forcing. We find that changes in forest and crop area can be used to predict the land use radiative forcing in some regions.
E. T. N'Datchoh, A. Konaré, A. Diedhiou, A. Diawara, E. Quansah, and P. Assamoi
Earth Syst. Dynam., 6, 161–174, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-161-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-161-2015, 2015
C. Rumbaur, N. Thevs, M. Disse, M. Ahlheim, A. Brieden, B. Cyffka, D. Duethmann, T. Feike, O. Frör, P. Gärtner, Ü. Halik, J. Hill, M. Hinnenthal, P. Keilholz, B. Kleinschmit, V. Krysanova, M. Kuba, S. Mader, C. Menz, H. Othmanli, S. Pelz, M. Schroeder, T. F. Siew, V. Stender, K. Stahr, F. M. Thomas, M. Welp, M. Wortmann, X. Zhao, X. Chen, T. Jiang, J. Luo, H. Yimit, R. Yu, X. Zhang, and C. Zhao
Earth Syst. Dynam., 6, 83–107, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-83-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-83-2015, 2015
J. Pongratz, C. H. Reick, R. A. Houghton, and J. I. House
Earth Syst. Dynam., 5, 177–195, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-5-177-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-5-177-2014, 2014
M. D. A. Rounsevell, A. Arneth, P. Alexander, D. G. Brown, N. de Noblet-Ducoudré, E. Ellis, J. Finnigan, K. Galvin, N. Grigg, I. Harman, J. Lennox, N. Magliocca, D. Parker, B. C. O'Neill, P. H. Verburg, and O. Young
Earth Syst. Dynam., 5, 117–137, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-5-117-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-5-117-2014, 2014
M. Lindeskog, A. Arneth, A. Bondeau, K. Waha, J. Seaquist, S. Olin, and B. Smith
Earth Syst. Dynam., 4, 385–407, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-4-385-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-4-385-2013, 2013
Q. Zhang, A. J. Pitman, Y. P. Wang, Y. J. Dai, and P. J. Lawrence
Earth Syst. Dynam., 4, 333–345, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-4-333-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-4-333-2013, 2013
T. Gasser and P. Ciais
Earth Syst. Dynam., 4, 171–186, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-4-171-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-4-171-2013, 2013
G. Modica, M. Vizzari, M. Pollino, C. R. Fichera, P. Zoccali, and S. Di Fazio
Earth Syst. Dynam., 3, 263–279, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-3-263-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-3-263-2012, 2012
A. J. Pitman, N. de Noblet-Ducoudré, F. B. Avila, L. V. Alexander, J.-P. Boisier, V. Brovkin, C. Delire, F. Cruz, M. G. Donat, V. Gayler, B. van den Hurk, C. Reick, and A. Voldoire
Earth Syst. Dynam., 3, 213–231, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-3-213-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-3-213-2012, 2012
M. Cerreta and P. De Toro
Earth Syst. Dynam., 3, 157–171, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-3-157-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-3-157-2012, 2012
M. P. McCarthy, J. Sanjay, B. B. B. Booth, K. Krishna Kumar, and R. A. Betts
Earth Syst. Dynam., 3, 87–96, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-3-87-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-3-87-2012, 2012
Cited articles
Abood, S. A., Lee, J. S. H., Burivalova, Z., Garcia-Ulloa, J., and Koh, L. P.: Relative Contributions of the Logging, Fiber, Oil Palm, and Mining Industries to Forest Loss in Indonesia, Conservation Letters, 8, 58–67, 2015.
Austin, K. G., Kasibhatla, P. S., Urban, D. L., Stolle, F., and Vincent, J.: Reconciling Oil Palm Expansion and Climate Change Mitigation in Kalimantan, Indonesia, PLoS ONE, 10, e0127963, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127963, 2015.
BP-REDD+: National Forest Reference Emission Level for Deforestation and Forest Degradation in the Context of the Activities Referred to in Decision 1/ CP.16, Paragraph 70 (REDD+) Under the UNFCCC: A Reference for Decision Makers, BP-REDD+ Indonesia, 2015.
Butler, R.: Palm oil major makes deforestation-free commitment, available at: https://news.mongabay.com/2015/02/palm-oil-major-makes-deforestation-free-commitment/ (last access: 8 September 2016), 2015.
Carlson, K. M., Curran, L. M., Ratnasari, D., Pittman, A. M., Soares-Filho, B. S., Asner, G. P., Trigg, S. N., Gaveau, D. A., Lawrence, D., and Rodrigues, H. O.: Committed carbon emissions, deforestation, and community land conversion from oil palm plantation expansion in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 7559–7564, 2012.
Carlson, K. M., Curran, L. M., Asner, G. P., Pittman, A. M., Trigg, S. N., and Marion Adeney, J.: Carbon emissions from forest conversion by Kalimantan oil palm plantations, Nature Clim. Change, 3, 283–287, 2013.
Cattau, M. E., Marlier, M. E., and DeFries, R.: Effectiveness of Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) for reducing fires on oil palm concessions in Indonesia from 2012 to 2015, Environ. Res. Lett., 11, 105007, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/10/105007, 2016a.
Cattau, M. E., Harrison, M. E., Shinyo, I., Tungau, S., Uriarte, M., and DeFries, R.: Sources of anthropogenic fire ignitions on the peat-swamp landscape in Kalimantan, Indonesia, Global Environ. Chang., 39, 205–219, 2016b.
Chen, Y., Morton, D. C., Andela, N., Giglio, L., and Randerson, J. T.: How much global burned area can be forecast on seasonal time scales using sea surface temperatures?, Environ. Res. Lett., 11, 045001, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/045001, 2016.
Chisholm, R. A., Wijedasa, L. S., and Swinfield, T.: The need for long-term remedies for Indonesia's forest fires, Conserv. Biol., 30, 5–6, 2016.
DeFries, R. S., Morton, D. C., van der Werf, G. R., Giglio, L., Collatz, G. J., Randerson, J. T., Houghton, R. A., Kasibhatla, P. K., and Shimabukuro, Y.: Fire-related carbon emissions from land use transitions in southern Amazonia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L22705, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035689, 2008.
Edwards, S. and Heiduk, F.: Hazy Days: Forest Fires and the Politics of Environmental Security in Indonesia, Journal Of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 34, 65–94, 2015.
Elvidge, C. D., Zhizhin, M., Hsu, F.-C., Baugh, K., Khomarudin, M. R., Vetrita, Y., Sofan, P., and Hilman, D.: Long-wave infrared identification of smoldering peat fires in Indonesia with nighttime Landsat data, Environ. Res. Lett., 10, 065002, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/6/065002, 2015.
FAO: Global forest resources assessment 2010, FAO Forestry Paper, 163, available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1757e/i1757e.pdf (last access: August 2016), Rome, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010.
FAO: FAOSTAT Online Statistical Service, available at: http://faostat3.fao.org/, last access: June 2016.
Field, R. D., van der Werf, G. R., and Shen, S. S. P.: Human amplification of drought-induced biomass burning in Indonesia since 1960, Nat. Geosci., 2, 185–188, 2009.
Field, R. D., van der Werf, G. R., Fanin, T., Fetzer, E. J., Fuller, R., Jethva, H., Levy, R., Livesey, N. J., Luo, M., Torres, O., and Worden, H. M.: Indonesian fire activity and smoke pollution in 2015 show persistent nonlinear sensitivity to El Niño-induced drought, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, 9204–9209, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1524888113, 2016.
Garrett, R. D., Carlson, K. M., Rueda, X., and Noojipady, P.: Assessing the potential additionality of certification by the Round table on Responsible Soybeans and the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil, Environ. Res. Lett., 11, 045003, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/045003, 2016.
Gaveau, D. L. A., Salim, M. A., Hergoualc'h, K., Locatelli, B., Sloan, S., Wooster, M., Marlier, M. E., Molidena, E., Yaen, H., DeFries, R., Verchot, L., Murdiyarso, D., Nasi, R., Holmgren, P., and Sheil, D.: Major atmospheric emissions from peat fires in Southeast Asia during non-drought years: evidence from the 2013 Sumatran fires, Scientific Reports, 4, 6112, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06112, 2014.
Gaveau, D. L. A., Sheil, D., Husnayaen, Salim, M. A., Arjasakusuma, S., Ancrenaz, M., Pacheco, P., and Meijaard, E.: Rapid conversions and avoided deforestation: examining four decades of industrial plantation expansion in Borneo, Scientific Reports, 6, 32017, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32017, 2016.
Giglio, L., Kendall, J. D., and Tucker, C. J.: Remote sensing of fires with the TRMM VIRS, Int. J. Remote Sens., 21, 203–207, 2000.
Giglio, L., Descloitres, J., Justice, C. O., and Kaufman, Y. J.: An enhanced contextual fire detection algorithm for MODIS, Remote Sens. Environ., 87, 273–282, 2003.
GLAD: Global Land Analysis & Discovery group, Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, Global Forest Change 2000–2014, available at: http://glad.umd.edu/ (last access: June 2016), 2015.
Global Forest Watch: Tree plantations, available at: http://www.globalforestwatch.org/ (last access: January 2017), 2014.
Greenpeace: Palm Oil Concessions, available at: http://www.greenpeace.org/seasia/id/Global/seasia/Indonesia/Code/Forest-Map/en/index.html, last access: October 2016.
Gunarso, P., Hartoyo, M., Agus, F., and Killeen, T.: Oil palm and land use change in Indonesia, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea, Reports from the Technical Panels of the 2nd greenhouse gas working Group of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), 29–64, 2013.
Hansen, M. C., Potapov, P. V., Moore, R., Hancher, M., Turubanova, S. A., Tyukavina, A., Thau, D., Stehman, S. V., Goetz, S. J., Loveland, T. R., Kommareddy, A., Egorov, A., Chini, L., Justice, C. O., and Townshend, J. R. G.: High-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest Cover Change, Science, 342, 850–853, 2013.
Hooijer, A., Page, S., Jauhiainen, J., Lee, W. A., Lu, X. X., Idris, A., and Anshari, G.: Subsidence and carbon loss in drained tropical peatlands, Biogeosciences, 9, 1053–1071, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-1053-2012, 2012.
Houghton, R. and Hackler, J.: Emissions of carbon from forestry and land-use change in tropical Asia, Glob. Change Biol., 5, 481–492, 1999.
Houghton, R. A., House, J. I., Pongratz, J., van der Werf, G. R., DeFries, R. S., Hansen, M. C., Le Quéré, C., and Ramankutty, N.: Carbon emissions from land use and land-cover change, Biogeosciences, 9, 5125–5142, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5125-2012, 2012.
Huijnen, V., Wooster, M. J., Kaiser, J. W., Gaveau, D. L. A., Flemming, J., Parrington, M., Inness, A., Murdiyarso, D., Main, B., and van Weele, M.: Fire carbon emissions over maritime southeast Asia in 2015 largest since 1997, Scientific Reports, 6, 26886, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep26886, 2016.
Johnston, F. H., Henderson, S. B., Chen, Y., Randerson, J. T., Marlier, M., DeFries, R. S., Kinney, P., Bowman, D. M., and Brauer, M.: Estimated global mortality attributable to smoke from landscape fires, University of British Columbia, 2015.
Kim, D.-H., Sexton, J. O., and Townshend, J. R.: Accelerated deforestation in the humid tropics from the 1990s to the 2000s, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 3495–3501, 2015.
Koh, L. P., Miettinen, J., Liew, S. C., and Ghazoul, J.: Remotely sensed evidence of tropical peatland conversion to oil palm, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, 5127–5132, 2011.
Kunii, O., Kanagawa, S., Yajima, I., Hisamatsu, Y., Yamamura, S., Amagai, T., and Ismail, I. T. S.: The 1997 Haze Disaster in Indonesia: Its Air Quality and Health Effects, Arch. Environ. Health, 57, 16–22, 2002.
Lambin, E. F., Gibbs, H. K., Ferreira, L., Grau, R., Mayaux, P., Meyfroidt, P., Morton, D. C., Rudel, T. K., Gasparri, I., and Munger, J.: Estimating the world's potentially available cropland using a bottom-up approach, Global Environ. Chang., 23, 892–901, 2013.
Le Quéré, C., Moriarty, R., Andrew, R. M., Peters, G. P., Ciais, P., Friedlingstein, P., Jones, S. D., Sitch, S., Tans, P., Arneth, A., Boden, T. A., Bopp, L., Bozec, Y., Canadell, J. G., Chini, L. P., Chevallier, F., Cosca, C. E., Harris, I., Hoppema, M., Houghton, R. A., House, J. I., Jain, A. K., Johannessen, T., Kato, E., Keeling, R. F., Kitidis, V., Klein Goldewijk, K., Koven, C., Landa, C. S., Landschützer, P., Lenton, A., Lima, I. D., Marland, G., Mathis, J. T., Metzl, N., Nojiri, Y., Olsen, A., Ono, T., Peng, S., Peters, W., Pfeil, B., Poulter, B., Raupach, M. R., Regnier, P., Rödenbeck, C., Saito, S., Salisbury, J. E., Schuster, U., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Segschneider, J., Steinhoff, T., Stocker, B. D., Sutton, A. J., Takahashi, T., Tilbrook, B., van der Werf, G. R., Viovy, N., Wang, Y.-P., Wanninkhof, R., Wiltshire, A., and Zeng, N.: Global carbon budget 2014, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 7, 47–85, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-47-2015, 2015.
Margono, B. A., Potapov, P. V., Turubanova, S., Stolle, F., and Hansen, M. C.: Primary forest cover loss in Indonesia over 2000–2012, Nature Clim. Change, 4, 730–735, 2014.
Marlier, M. E., DeFries, R. S., Kim, P. S., Koplitz, S. N., Jacob, D. J., Mickley, L. J., and Myers, S. S.: Fire emissions and regional air quality impacts from fires in oil palm, timber, and logging concessions in Indonesia, Environ. Res. Lett., 10, 085005, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/8/085005, 2015.
Maulia, E.: Indonesia pledges to “feed the world”, Jakarta, Indonesia: TheJakartaPost, available at: http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/01/30/indonesia-pledges-feed-world039.html (last access: 28 July 2016), 2010.
McCarthy, B., Rothrock, P., Leonard, J., and Donofrio, S.: Supply Change: Tracking Corporate Commitments to Deforestation-free Supply Chains, Washington DC, Forest Trends, 2016.
Miettinen, J., Hooijer, A., Wang, J., Shi, C., and Liew, S. C.: Peatland degradation and conversion sequences and interrelations in Sumatra, Reg. Environ. Change, 12, 729–737, 2012.
Miettinen, J., Shi, C., and Liew, S. C.: 2015 Land cover map of Southeast Asia at 250 m spatial resolution, Remote Sensing Letters, 7, 701–710, 2016a.
Miettinen, J., Shi, C., and Liew, S. C.: Land cover distribution in the peatlands of Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo in 2015 with changes since 1990, Global Ecology and Conservation, 6, 67–78, 2016b.
MoF: Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Indonesia, Ministry of Forestry of Indonesia – IFCA (Indonesian Forest Climate Alliance) Consolidation Report, Jakarta, Forestry Research and Development Agency FORDA, 2008.
Morton, D. C., Defries, R. S., Randerson, J. T., Giglio, L., Schroeder, W., and Van Der Werf, G. R.: Agricultural intensification increases deforestation fire activity in Amazonia, Glob. Change Biol., 14, 2262–2275, 2008.
Murdiyarso, D., Lebel, L., Gintings, A. N., Tampubolon, S. M. H., Heil, A., and Wasson, M.: Policy responses to complex environmental problems: insights from a science–policy activity on transboundary haze from vegetation fires in Southeast Asia, Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 104, 47–56, 2004.
NASA: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Active Fire Data, available at: https://earthdata.nasa.gov/, last access: November 2016.
Page, S. E. and Hooijer, A.: 2016. In the line of fire: the peatlands of Southeast Asia, Philos. T. R. Soc. B, 371, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0176, 2016.
Page, S. E., Siegert, F., Rieley, J. O., Boehm, H.-D. V., Jaya, A., and Limin, S.: The amount of carbon released from peat and forest fires in Indonesia during 1997, Nature, 420, 61–65, 2002.
Petersen, R., Goldman, E., Harris, N., Sargent, S., Aksenov, D., Manisha, A., Esipova, E., Shevade, V., Loboda, T., and Kuksina, N.: Mapping tree plantations with multispectral imagery: preliminary results for seven tropical countries, World Resources Institute, Washington, DC, 2016.
Pimm, S. L., Jenkins, C. N., Abell, R., Brooks, T. M., Gittleman, J. L., Joppa, L. N., Raven, P. H., Roberts, C. M., and Sexton, J. O.: The biodiversity of species and their rates of extinction, distribution, and protection, Science, 344, 1246752, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1246752, 2014.
Potts, J., Lynch, M., Wilkings, A., Huppé, G., Cunningham, M., and Voora, V.: The state of sustainability initiatives review 2014: Standards and the green economy, International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) and the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), 2014.
Ramdani, F. and Hino, M.: Land use changes and GHG emissions from tropical forest conversion by oil palm plantations in Riau Province, Indonesia, PloS one, 8, e70323, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070323, 2013.
Randerson, J. T., Chen, Y., van der Werf, G. R., Rogers, B. M., and Morton, D. C.: Global burned area and biomass burning emissions from small fires, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 117, G04012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JG002128, 2012.
Reddington, C., Yoshioka, M., Balasubramanian, R., Ridley, D., Toh, Y., Arnold, S., and Spracklen, D.: Contribution of vegetation and peat fires to particulate air pollution in Southeast Asia, Environ. Res. Lett., 9, 094006, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/9/094006, 2014.
RSPO: Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil, Oil Palm Concessions, available at: http://www.rspo.org (last access: September 2016), 2014.
RSPO: RSPO Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Palm Oil Production, available at: http://www.rspo.org/file/RSPO%20Principles%20&%20Criteria%20Document.pdf (last access: September 2016), 2007.
RSPO: Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil-Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Palm Oil Production, available at: http://www.rspo.org/key-documents/certification/rspo-principles-and-criteria (last access: September 2016), 2013.
RSPO: Annual Communications Of Progress, available at: http://www.rspo.org/members/acop (last access: September 2016), 2015a.
RSPO: Code of Conduct for Members 2015, Membership documents, available at: http://www.rspo.org/key-documents/membership (last access: August 2016), 2015b.
RSPO: IMPACTS, available at: http://www.rspo.org/about/impacts (last access: June 2017), 2016.
Sawit Watch: Oil palm concessions in Indonesia, available at: http://sawitwatch.or.id/ (last access: August 2016), 2013.
Schroeder, W., Morisette, J. T., Csiszar, I., Giglio, L., Morton, D., and Justice, C. O.: Characterizing Vegetation Fire Dynamics in Brazil through Multisatellite Data: Common Trends and Practical Issues, Earth Interactions, 9, 1–26, 2005.
Schroeder, W., Oliva, P., Giglio, L., and Csiszar, I. A.: The New VIIRS 375 m active fire detection data product: Algorithm description and initial assessment, Remote Sens. Environ., 143, 85–96, 2014.
Schroeder, W., Oliva, P., Giglio, L., Quayle, B., Lorenz, E., and Morelli, F.: Active fire detection using Landsat-8/OLI data, Remote Sens. Environ., 185, 210–220, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.08.032, 2015.
Sexton, J. O., Noojipady, P., Song, X.-P., Feng, M., Song, D.-X., Kim, D.-H., Anand, A., Huang, C., Channan, S., Pimm, S. L., and Townshend, J. R.: Conservation policy and the measurement of forests, Nature Clim. Change, 6, 192–196, 2016.
Stolle, F., Chomitz, K. M., Lambin, E. F., and Tomich, T. P.: Land use and vegetation fires in Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia, Forest Ecol. Manag., 179, 277–292, 2003.
TW: Transparent World-Tree Plantations, World Resources Institute: Global Forest Watch, available at: http://data.globalforestwatch.org/datasets/baae47df61ed4a73a6f54f00cb4207e0_5 (last access: 9 December 2016), 2015.
UNCS: FORESTS, Action Statements and Action Plans, United Nations Climate Summit, New York, NY, United Nations, 2014.
UNFCCC: Seventh Session of the Conference of Parties (COP7)/Fifteenth Sessions of the Subsidiary Bodies, Conference of the Parties, Marrakech, Morocco United Nations, 2002.
USDA: INDONESIA: Palm Oil Production Growth To Continue, Commodity Intelligence Report, Washington DC, 2009.
USDA: INDONESIA: Rising Global Demand Fuels Palm Oil Expansion, Commodity Intelligence Report, Washington DC, United States Department of Agriculture – Foreign Agricultural Service, 2010.
USDA: Oilseeds: World Markets and Trade, Washington DC, United States Department of Agriculture-Foreign Agricultural Service, 2016.
van der Werf, G. R., Dempewolf, J., Trigg, S. N., Randerson, J. T., Kasibhatla, P. S., Giglio, L., Murdiyarso, D., Peters, W., Morton, D. C., Collatz, G. J., Dolman, A. J., and DeFries, R. S.: Climate regulation of fire emissions and deforestation in equatorial Asia, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 105, 20350–20355, 2008.
van der Werf, G. R., Morton, D. C., DeFries, R. S., Giglio, L., Randerson, J. T., Collatz, G. J., and Kasibhatla, P. S.: Estimates of fire emissions from an active deforestation region in the southern Amazon based on satellite data and biogeochemical modelling, Biogeosciences, 6, 235–249, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-235-2009, 2009a.
van der Werf, G. R., Morton, D. C., DeFries, R. S., Olivier, J. G. J., Kasibhatla, P. S., Jackson, R. B., Collatz, G. J., and Randerson, J. T.: CO2 emissions from forest loss, Nature Geosci., 2, 737–738, 2009b.
VIIRS: Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite, Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, VIIRS Active Fire Detection, available at: http://viirsfire.geog.umd.edu/, last access: November 2016.
Vijay, V., Pimm, S. L., Jenkins, C. N., and Smith, S. J.: The Impacts of Oil Palm on Recent Deforestation and Biodiversity Loss, PLoS ONE, 11, e0159668, https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0159668, 2016.
Wahyunto, R. and Subagjo, H.: Peta Luas Sebaran Lahan Gambut dan Kandungan Karbon di Pulau Sumatera/Maps of Area of Peatland Distribution and Carbon Content in Sumatera, 1990–2002, Bogor, Indonesia, 2003.
Wahyunto, R. S. and Subagjo, H.: Peta Luas Sebaran Lahan Gambut dan Kandungan Karbon di Pulau Kalimantan/Maps of Area of Peatland Distribution and Carbon Content in Kalimantan, 2000–2002, Bogor, Indonesia, 2004.
Wahyunto, B. H., Bekti, H., and Widiastuti, F.: Peta-Peta Sebaran Lahan Gambut, Luas dan Kandungan Karbon di Papua/Maps of Peatland Distribution, Area and Carbon Content in Papua, 2000–2001, Bogor, Indonesia, 2006.
WI: Malaysia Peat Lands, available at: http://gfw2-data.s3.amazonaws.com/country/mys/zip/mys_peat_lands.zip, 2016.
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint