Earth System Dynamics
Earth System Dynamics
ESD
Articles | Volume 17, issue 3
Articles | Volume 17, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-495-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-495-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 17, issue 3
Review
 | Highlight paper
 | 
08 May 2026
Review | Highlight paper |  | 08 May 2026

Developing Guidelines for working with Multi-Model Ensembles in CMIP

Anja Katzenberger, Jhayron S. Pérez-Carrasquilla, Keighan Gemmell, Evgenia Galytska, Christine Leclerc, Punya P, Indrani Roy, Arianna Varuolo-Clarke, Milica Tošić, and Nina Črnivec

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Editorial statement
Multi-model ensembles (MMEs) are widely used in climate science to quantify uncertainty. Yet, assembling an appropriate MME is fraught with challenges. Ensembles that are incorrectly assembled can do more harm than good. This article provides practical suggestions on developing MMEs. It will be a valuable resource for climate scientists wishing to use MMEs to address a wide range of questions related to climate and climate change.
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Short summary
Multi-model ensembles are a key approach in climate model analysis, but their use involves many complex considerations. In this work, we review relevant literature and synthesize existing studies to contribute to the development of guidelines for designing and conducting ensemble analyses. This is complemented by a collection of useful resources and a discussion of emerging trends, supported by statistics tracing the number of publications.
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