Earth System Dynamics
Earth System Dynamics
ESD
Articles | Volume 17, issue 5
Articles | Volume 17, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-1551-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-1551-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 17, issue 5
Research article
 | 
20 Oct 2026
Research article |  | 20 Oct 2026

Benchmarking conditioners in Liang–Kleeman Information Flow: application to land–atmosphere interactions in humid forests

Fareeha Siddique, Daniel Fiifi Tawia Hagan, Guojie Wang, David Docquier, and Stéphane Vannitsem

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Short summary
Understanding causality in Earth-system processes is challenging because multiple drivers act simultaneously and can distort causal estimates. We develop a diagnostic framework using controlled experiments and real land–atmosphere data to identify when external drivers affect how one variable influences another (via Liang–Kleeman Information Flow). This influence depends on system stress, guiding when multivariate conditioning is necessary.
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