Articles | Volume 16, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-2295-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-2295-2025
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22 Dec 2025
Research article | Highlight paper |  | 22 Dec 2025

Bridging science and practice on multi-hazard risk drivers: stakeholder insights from five pilot studies in Europe

Nicole van Maanen, Marleen de Ruiter, Wiebke Jäger, Veronica Casartelli, Roxana Ciurean, Noemi Padrón-Fumero, Anne Sophie Daloz, David Geurts, Stefania Gottardo, Stefan Hochrainer-Stigler, Abel López Diez, Jaime Díaz Pacheco, Pedro Dorta Antequera, Tamara Febles Arévalo, Sara García González, Raúl Hernández-Martín, Carmen Alvarez-Albelo, Juan José Diaz-Hernandez, Lin Ma, Letizia Monteleone, Karina Reiter, Tristian Stolte, Robert Šakić Trogrlić, Silvia Torresan, Sharon Tatman, David Romero Manrique de Lara, Yeray Hernández González, and Philip J. Ward

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This paper offers the first cross-regional synthesis of stakeholder perspectives on multi-hazard risk drivers across Europe, providing empirically grounded insights into how hazard interactions, vulnerability dynamics and disaster risk reduction measures evolve over time. By integrating qualitative methods with multi-risk governance analysis, it promotes context-sensitive and actionable disaster risk knowledge. Its findings are highly relevant to the geosciences community working on risk modeling and hazard interactions and are also of great interest for practitioners, policymakers and media focusing on disaster risk governance, climate adaptation, and societal resilience.
Short summary
Disaster risk management faces growing challenges from multiple, changing hazards. Interviews with stakeholders in five European regions reveal that climate change, urban growth, and socio-economic shifts increase vulnerability and exposure. Measures to reduce one risk can worsen others, highlighting the need for better coordination. The study calls for flexible, context-specific strategies that connect scientific risk assessments with real-world decision-making.
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