Earth System Dynamics
Earth System Dynamics
ESD
Articles | Volume 16, issue 6
Articles | Volume 16, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-1971-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-1971-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 16, issue 6
Research article
 | 
03 Nov 2025
Research article |  | 03 Nov 2025

Spatiotemporal variation of growth–stage specific concurrent climate extremes and their impacts on rice yield in southern China

Ran Sun, Tao Ye, Yiqing Liu, Weihang Liu, and Shuo Chen

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Short summary
Climate change is intensifying extreme weather threats to rice. Using data from 1981 to 2018, we found that hot-dry events are rising over time with different patterns across regions, while cold-rain events also threaten crops. Heat was the main driver of hot-dry events, and cold and rain together drove cold-rain events. Both reduced harvests, especially during flowering and grain filling stage. Our findings show that growth stage and location matter for protecting rice in a changing climate.
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