Earth System Dynamics
Earth System Dynamics
ESD
Articles | Volume 15, issue 6
Articles | Volume 15, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-15-1417-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-15-1417-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 15, issue 6
Research article
 | 
12 Nov 2024
Research article |  | 12 Nov 2024

Generalized stability landscape of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation

Matteo Willeit and Andrey Ganopolski

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Cited articles

Ackermann, L., Danek, C., Gierz, P., and Lohmann, G.: AMOC Recovery in a Multicentennial Scenario Using a Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean-Ice Sheet Model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, e2019GL086810, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086810, 2020. a
Adloff, M., Pöppelmeier, F., Jeltsch-Thömmes, A., Stocker, T. F., and Joos, F.: Multiple thermal Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation thresholds in the intermediate complexity model Bern3D, Clim. Past, 20, 1233–1250, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1233-2024, 2024. a
Ando, T. and Oka, A.: Hysteresis of the Glacial Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Controlled by Thermal Feedbacks, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095809, 2021. a, b, c
Bakker, P., Schmittner, A., Lenaerts, J. T., Abe-Ouchi, A., Bi, D., van den Broeke, M. R., Chan, W. L., Hu, A., Beadling, R. L., Marsland, S. J., Mernild, S. H., Saenko, O. A., Swingedouw, D., Sullivan, A., and Yin, J.: Fate of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: Strong decline under continued warming and Greenland melting, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 12252–12260, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL070457, 2016. a
Banderas, R., Álvarez-Solas, J., and Montoya, M.: Role of CO2 and Southern Ocean winds in glacial abrupt climate change, Clim. Past, 8, 1011–1021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1011-2012, 2012. a
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Using a fast Earth system model we trace the stability landscape of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation in the combined freshwater forcing–atmospheric CO2 space. We find four different Atlantic meridional overturning circulation states that are stable under different conditions and a generally increasing equilibrium Atlantic meridional overturning circulation strength with increasing CO2 concentrations.
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