On the additivity of climate responses to the volcanic and solar forcing in the early 19th century

Fang, Shih-Wei; Timmreck, Claudia; Jungclaus, Johann; Krüger, Kirstin; Schmidt, Hauke

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-1535-2022

Articles | Volume 13, issue 4

https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-1535-2022

© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-1535-2022

© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 13, issue 4

Research article

|

07 Nov 2022

Research article |

| 07 Nov 2022

On the additivity of climate responses to the volcanic and solar forcing in the early 19th century

Shih-Wei Fang, Claudia Timmreck, Johann Jungclaus, Kirstin Krüger, and Hauke Schmidt

Data sets

On the Additivity of Climate Responses to the Volcanic and Solar Forcing in the Early 19th Century S.-W. Fang https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000B-5E0D-F

Model code and software

On the Additivity of Climate Impacts of Volcano and Solar Forcing in the Early 19th Century S.-W. Fang https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7233754

Short summary

The early 19th century was the coldest period over the past 500 years, when strong tropical volcanic events and a solar minimum coincided. This study quantifies potential surface cooling from the solar and volcanic forcing in the early 19th century with large ensemble simulations, and identifies the regions that their impacts cannot be simply additive. The cooling perspective of Arctic amplification exists in both solar and post-volcano period with the albedo feedback as the main contribution.