Articles | Volume 9, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-197-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-197-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
05 Mar 2018
Research article |
| 05 Mar 2018
Irreversible ocean thermal expansion under carbon dioxide removal
Dana Ehlert
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Geography, Simon Fraser University, 8888
University Drive, V5A 1S6 Burnaby, B.C., Canada
now at: GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Biogeochemical Modelling, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
Kirsten Zickfeld
Department of Geography, Simon Fraser University, 8888
University Drive, V5A 1S6 Burnaby, B.C., Canada
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Cited
24 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The role of prior assumptions in carbon budget calculations B. Sanderson 10.5194/esd-11-563-2020
- Underground carbon dioxide sequestration for climate change mitigation – A scientometric study M. Davarazar et al. 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.05.022
- Irreversibility of Marine Climate Change Impacts Under Carbon Dioxide Removal X. Li et al. 10.1029/2020GL088507
- Emergent climate change patterns originating from deep ocean warming in climate mitigation scenarios J. Oh et al. 10.1038/s41558-024-01928-0
- Shoreline change due to global climate change and human activity at the Shandong Peninsula from 2007 to 2020 W. Gao et al. 10.3389/fmars.2022.1123067
- Hysteresis Behaviors in East Asian Extreme Precipitation Frequency to CO2 Pathway S. Jo et al. 10.1029/2022GL099814
- A weakened AMOC may prolong greenhouse gas–induced Mediterranean drying even with significant and rapid climate change mitigation T. Delworth et al. 10.1073/pnas.2116655119
- Abrupt shift of El Niño periodicity under CO 2 mitigation T. Iwakiri et al. 10.1073/pnas.2426048122
- Simulated carbon cycle and Earth system response to atmospheric CO2 removal L. Cao et al. 10.1016/j.accre.2023.03.001
- Hemispherically asymmetric Hadley cell response to CO 2 removal S. Kim et al. 10.1126/sciadv.adg1801
- Response of ocean acidification to atmospheric carbon dioxide removal J. Jiang et al. 10.1016/j.jes.2023.04.029
- Irreversible ocean thermal expansion under carbon dioxide removal D. Ehlert & K. Zickfeld 10.5194/esd-9-197-2018
- Increase in convective extreme El Niño events in a CO 2 removal scenario G. Pathirana et al. 10.1126/sciadv.adh2412
- The primary factors influencing the cooling effect of carbon dioxide removal X. Qu & G. Huang 10.1038/s41612-023-00547-4
- Fast recovery of North Atlantic sea level in response to atmospheric carbon dioxide removal S. Wang et al. 10.1038/s43247-024-01835-4
- Path Independence of Carbon Budgets When Meeting a Stringent Global Mean Temperature Target After an Overshoot K. Tokarska et al. 10.1029/2019EF001312
- On Quantifying Stratigraphic, Chronologic, and Paleo Flux Uncertainties in Paleoceanography A. Mix 10.5670/oceanog.2020.223
- Deep ocean warming-induced El Niño changes G. Kim et al. 10.1038/s41467-024-50663-9
- Mechanisms and Impacts of Earth System Tipping Elements S. Wang et al. 10.1029/2021RG000757
- A committed fourfold increase in ocean oxygen loss A. Oschlies 10.1038/s41467-021-22584-4
- Global Cooling Hiatus Driven by an AMOC Overshoot in a Carbon Dioxide Removal Scenario S. An et al. 10.1029/2021EF002165
- Emit now, mitigate later? Earth system reversibility under overshoots of different magnitudes and durations J. Schwinger et al. 10.5194/esd-13-1641-2022
- Reversibility of historical and future climate change with a complex earth system model S. Yang et al. 10.1007/s00704-021-03757-z
- Sea-level commitment as a gauge for climate policy P. Clark et al. 10.1038/s41558-018-0226-6
24 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The role of prior assumptions in carbon budget calculations B. Sanderson 10.5194/esd-11-563-2020
- Underground carbon dioxide sequestration for climate change mitigation – A scientometric study M. Davarazar et al. 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.05.022
- Irreversibility of Marine Climate Change Impacts Under Carbon Dioxide Removal X. Li et al. 10.1029/2020GL088507
- Emergent climate change patterns originating from deep ocean warming in climate mitigation scenarios J. Oh et al. 10.1038/s41558-024-01928-0
- Shoreline change due to global climate change and human activity at the Shandong Peninsula from 2007 to 2020 W. Gao et al. 10.3389/fmars.2022.1123067
- Hysteresis Behaviors in East Asian Extreme Precipitation Frequency to CO2 Pathway S. Jo et al. 10.1029/2022GL099814
- A weakened AMOC may prolong greenhouse gas–induced Mediterranean drying even with significant and rapid climate change mitigation T. Delworth et al. 10.1073/pnas.2116655119
- Abrupt shift of El Niño periodicity under CO 2 mitigation T. Iwakiri et al. 10.1073/pnas.2426048122
- Simulated carbon cycle and Earth system response to atmospheric CO2 removal L. Cao et al. 10.1016/j.accre.2023.03.001
- Hemispherically asymmetric Hadley cell response to CO 2 removal S. Kim et al. 10.1126/sciadv.adg1801
- Response of ocean acidification to atmospheric carbon dioxide removal J. Jiang et al. 10.1016/j.jes.2023.04.029
- Irreversible ocean thermal expansion under carbon dioxide removal D. Ehlert & K. Zickfeld 10.5194/esd-9-197-2018
- Increase in convective extreme El Niño events in a CO 2 removal scenario G. Pathirana et al. 10.1126/sciadv.adh2412
- The primary factors influencing the cooling effect of carbon dioxide removal X. Qu & G. Huang 10.1038/s41612-023-00547-4
- Fast recovery of North Atlantic sea level in response to atmospheric carbon dioxide removal S. Wang et al. 10.1038/s43247-024-01835-4
- Path Independence of Carbon Budgets When Meeting a Stringent Global Mean Temperature Target After an Overshoot K. Tokarska et al. 10.1029/2019EF001312
- On Quantifying Stratigraphic, Chronologic, and Paleo Flux Uncertainties in Paleoceanography A. Mix 10.5670/oceanog.2020.223
- Deep ocean warming-induced El Niño changes G. Kim et al. 10.1038/s41467-024-50663-9
- Mechanisms and Impacts of Earth System Tipping Elements S. Wang et al. 10.1029/2021RG000757
- A committed fourfold increase in ocean oxygen loss A. Oschlies 10.1038/s41467-021-22584-4
- Global Cooling Hiatus Driven by an AMOC Overshoot in a Carbon Dioxide Removal Scenario S. An et al. 10.1029/2021EF002165
- Emit now, mitigate later? Earth system reversibility under overshoots of different magnitudes and durations J. Schwinger et al. 10.5194/esd-13-1641-2022
- Reversibility of historical and future climate change with a complex earth system model S. Yang et al. 10.1007/s00704-021-03757-z
- Sea-level commitment as a gauge for climate policy P. Clark et al. 10.1038/s41558-018-0226-6
Discussed (final revised paper)
Latest update: 11 Jul 2025
Short summary
This study uses a global climate model to explore the extent to which sea level rise due to thermal expansion of the ocean is reversible if the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) declines. It is found that sea level continues to rise for several decades after atmospheric CO2 starts to decline and does not return to the pre-industrial level for over thousand years after atmospheric CO2 is restored to the pre-industrial concentration.
This study uses a global climate model to explore the extent to which sea level rise due to...
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