Young people's burden: requirement of negative CO<sub>2</sub> emissions

Hansen, James; Sato, Makiko; Kharecha, Pushker; von Schuckmann, Karina; Beerling, David J.; Cao, Junji; Marcott, Shaun; Masson-Delmotte, Valerie; Prather, Michael J.; Rohling, Eelco J.; Shakun, Jeremy; Smith, Pete; Lacis, Andrew; Russell, Gary; Ruedy, Reto

doi:10.5194/esd-8-577-2017

Articles | Volume 8, issue 3

https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-577-2017

© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-577-2017

© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 8, issue 3

Research article

| Highlight paper

|

18 Jul 2017

Research article | Highlight paper |

| 18 Jul 2017

Young people's burden: requirement of negative CO₂ emissions

James Hansen, Makiko Sato, Pushker Kharecha, Karina von Schuckmann, David J. Beerling, Junji Cao, Shaun Marcott, Valerie Masson-Delmotte, Michael J. Prather, Eelco J. Rohling, Jeremy Shakun, Pete Smith, Andrew Lacis, Gary Russell, and Reto Ruedy

Viewed

Total article views: 92,434 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

HTML	PDF	XML	Total	BibTeX	EndNote
52,137	39,252	1,045	92,434	533	728

HTML: 52,137
PDF: 39,252
XML: 1,045
Total: 92,434
BibTeX: 533
EndNote: 728

Views and downloads (calculated since 04 Oct 2016)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Oct 2016	2,191	746	29	2,966
Nov 2016	326	74	4	404
Dec 2016	179	34	1	214
Jan 2017	267	134	6	407
Feb 2017	321	50	12	383
Mar 2017	516	90	22	628
Apr 2017	877	165	19	1,061
May 2017	426	99	20	545
Jun 2017	446	97	16	559
Jul 2017	7,273	3,227	116	10,616
Aug 2017	1,468	778	20	2,266
Sep 2017	1,027	493	20	1,540
Oct 2017	812	619	19	1,450
Nov 2017	625	377	13	1,015
Dec 2017	496	2,325	15	2,836
Jan 2018	392	633	15	1,040
Feb 2018	402	448	23	873
Mar 2018	407	636	8	1,051
Apr 2018	351	533	10	894
May 2018	362	416	8	786
Jun 2018	635	589	5	1,229
Jul 2018	348	358	13	719
Aug 2018	645	1,083	22	1,750
Sep 2018	412	496	20	928
Oct 2018	745	497	25	1,267
Nov 2018	630	461	16	1,107
Dec 2018	391	561	9	961
Jan 2019	329	437	13	779
Feb 2019	376	449	11	836
Mar 2019	656	473	3	1,132
Apr 2019	420	474	9	903
May 2019	282	402	2	686
Jun 2019	257	310	5	572
Jul 2019	312	337	8	657
Aug 2019	388	372	9	769
Sep 2019	263	281	5	549
Oct 2019	431	295	8	734
Nov 2019	310	283	2	595
Dec 2019	402	6,581	8	6,991
Jan 2020	303	517	11	831
Feb 2020	297	278	6	581
Mar 2020	283	294	4	581
Apr 2020	347	262	7	616
May 2020	273	204	9	486
Jun 2020	173	186	1	360
Jul 2020	138	113	25	276
Aug 2020	267	179	3	449
Sep 2020	435	205	2	642
Oct 2020	355	192	7	554
Nov 2020	350	215	9	574
Dec 2020	450	133	8	591
Jan 2021	688	215	8	911
Feb 2021	508	182	15	705
Mar 2021	527	287	11	825
Apr 2021	507	424	9	940
May 2021	605	249	13	867
Jun 2021	441	154	9	604
Jul 2021	735	215	5	955
Aug 2021	448	161	10	619
Sep 2021	510	133	7	650
Oct 2021	464	182	9	655
Nov 2021	364	227	9	600
Dec 2021	378	250	9	637
Jan 2022	370	250	15	635
Feb 2022	311	122	9	442
Mar 2022	302	138	5	445
Apr 2022	344	144	6	494
May 2022	383	226	15	624
Jun 2022	409	140	7	556
Jul 2022	366	162	6	534
Aug 2022	308	145	4	457
Sep 2022	297	130	2	429
Oct 2022	299	177	7	483
Nov 2022	301	105	5	411
Dec 2022	308	112	6	426
Jan 2023	313	108	5	426
Feb 2023	358	124	4	486
Mar 2023	441	127	3	571
Apr 2023	353	104	3	460
May 2023	326	141	6	473
Jun 2023	420	105	9	534
Jul 2023	349	164	3	516
Aug 2023	366	145	7	518
Sep 2023	358	142	5	505
Oct 2023	364	156	3	523
Nov 2023	304	149	1	454
Dec 2023	319	124	8	451
Jan 2024	332	171	0	503
Feb 2024	437	238	5	680
Mar 2024	283	169	6	458
Apr 2024	300	126	21	447
May 2024	301	150	6	457
Jun 2024	284	178	5	467
Jul 2024	294	116	8	418
Aug 2024	389	159	10	558
Sep 2024	281	156	4	441
Oct 2024	345	247	3	595
Nov 2024	303	136	2	441
Dec 2024	283	182	3	468
Jan 2025	229	170	3	402
Feb 2025	246	93	2	341
Mar 2025	215	122	5	342
Apr 2025	359	123	2	484
May 2025	336	114	1	451
Jun 2025	324	156	4	484
Jul 2025	232	226	6	464
Aug 2025	266	214	4	484
Sep 2025	248	159	1	408
Oct 2025	204	135	3	342
Nov 2025	135	102	2	239

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 04 Oct 2016)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Oct 2016	2,191	746	29	2,966
Nov 2016	326	74	4	404
Dec 2016	179	34	1	214
Jan 2017	267	134	6	407
Feb 2017	321	50	12	383
Mar 2017	516	90	22	628
Apr 2017	877	165	19	1,061
May 2017	426	99	20	545
Jun 2017	446	97	16	559
Jul 2017	7,273	3,227	116	10,616
Aug 2017	1,468	778	20	2,266
Sep 2017	1,027	493	20	1,540
Oct 2017	812	619	19	1,450
Nov 2017	625	377	13	1,015
Dec 2017	496	2,325	15	2,836
Jan 2018	392	633	15	1,040
Feb 2018	402	448	23	873
Mar 2018	407	636	8	1,051
Apr 2018	351	533	10	894
May 2018	362	416	8	786
Jun 2018	635	589	5	1,229
Jul 2018	348	358	13	719
Aug 2018	645	1,083	22	1,750
Sep 2018	412	496	20	928
Oct 2018	745	497	25	1,267
Nov 2018	630	461	16	1,107
Dec 2018	391	561	9	961
Jan 2019	329	437	13	779
Feb 2019	376	449	11	836
Mar 2019	656	473	3	1,132
Apr 2019	420	474	9	903
May 2019	282	402	2	686
Jun 2019	257	310	5	572
Jul 2019	312	337	8	657
Aug 2019	388	372	9	769
Sep 2019	263	281	5	549
Oct 2019	431	295	8	734
Nov 2019	310	283	2	595
Dec 2019	402	6,581	8	6,991
Jan 2020	303	517	11	831
Feb 2020	297	278	6	581
Mar 2020	283	294	4	581
Apr 2020	347	262	7	616
May 2020	273	204	9	486
Jun 2020	173	186	1	360
Jul 2020	138	113	25	276
Aug 2020	267	179	3	449
Sep 2020	435	205	2	642
Oct 2020	355	192	7	554
Nov 2020	350	215	9	574
Dec 2020	450	133	8	591
Jan 2021	688	215	8	911
Feb 2021	508	182	15	705
Mar 2021	527	287	11	825
Apr 2021	507	424	9	940
May 2021	605	249	13	867
Jun 2021	441	154	9	604
Jul 2021	735	215	5	955
Aug 2021	448	161	10	619
Sep 2021	510	133	7	650
Oct 2021	464	182	9	655
Nov 2021	364	227	9	600
Dec 2021	378	250	9	637
Jan 2022	370	250	15	635
Feb 2022	311	122	9	442
Mar 2022	302	138	5	445
Apr 2022	344	144	6	494
May 2022	383	226	15	624
Jun 2022	409	140	7	556
Jul 2022	366	162	6	534
Aug 2022	308	145	4	457
Sep 2022	297	130	2	429
Oct 2022	299	177	7	483
Nov 2022	301	105	5	411
Dec 2022	308	112	6	426
Jan 2023	313	108	5	426
Feb 2023	358	124	4	486
Mar 2023	441	127	3	571
Apr 2023	353	104	3	460
May 2023	326	141	6	473
Jun 2023	420	105	9	534
Jul 2023	349	164	3	516
Aug 2023	366	145	7	518
Sep 2023	358	142	5	505
Oct 2023	364	156	3	523
Nov 2023	304	149	1	454
Dec 2023	319	124	8	451
Jan 2024	332	171	0	503
Feb 2024	437	238	5	680
Mar 2024	283	169	6	458
Apr 2024	300	126	21	447
May 2024	301	150	6	457
Jun 2024	284	178	5	467
Jul 2024	294	116	8	418
Aug 2024	389	159	10	558
Sep 2024	281	156	4	441
Oct 2024	345	247	3	595
Nov 2024	303	136	2	441
Dec 2024	283	182	3	468
Jan 2025	229	170	3	402
Feb 2025	246	93	2	341
Mar 2025	215	122	5	342
Apr 2025	359	123	2	484
May 2025	336	114	1	451
Jun 2025	324	156	4	484
Jul 2025	232	226	6	464
Aug 2025	266	214	4	484
Sep 2025	248	159	1	408
Oct 2025	204	135	3	342
Nov 2025	135	102	2	239

Viewed (geographical distribution)

Total article views: 92,434 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 85,176 with geography defined and 7,258 with unknown origin.

Country	#	Views	%

1

1

Latest update: 28 Nov 2025

Download

The requested paper has a corresponding corrigendum published. Please read the corrigendum first before downloading the article.

Article (13608 KB)
Full-text XML

Short summary

Global temperature now exceeds +1.25 °C relative to 1880–1920, similar to warmth of the Eemian period. Keeping warming less than 1.5 °C or CO₂ below 350 ppm now requires extraction of CO₂ from the air. If rapid phaseout of fossil fuel emissions begins soon, most extraction can be via improved agricultural and forestry practices. In contrast, continued high emissions places a burden on young people of massive technological CO₂ extraction with large risks, high costs and uncertain feasibility.


Total:	0
HTML:	0
PDF:	0
XML:	0


Total:	0
HTML:	0
PDF:	0
XML:	0


Total:	0
HTML:	0
PDF:	0
XML:	0

Young people's burden: requirement of negative CO2 emissions

Viewed

Viewed (geographical distribution)

Young people's burden: requirement of negative CO₂ emissions