Articles | Volume 7, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-133-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-133-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
23 Feb 2016
Research article |
| 23 Feb 2016
Scaling regimes and linear/nonlinear responses of last millennium climate to volcanic and solar forcings
Physics, McGill University, 3600 University St., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Climate Research Group, Division of Environmental Physics and Meteorology, Faculty of Physics, University of Athens, University Campus Bldg. Phys. V, 15784 Athens, Greece
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39 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Probing the timescale dependency of local and global variations in surface air temperature from climate simulations and reconstructions of the last millennia B. Ellerhoff & K. Rehfeld https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.104.064136
- Markovian approach to the frequency of tropical cyclones and subsequent development of univariate prediction model S. Bhowmick & S. Chattopadhyay https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-021-03886-5
- Comment on "Scaling regimes and linear/nonlinear responses of last millennium climate to volcanic and solar forcing" by S. Lovejoy and C. Varotsos (2016) K. Rypdal & M. Rypdal https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-597-2016
- Classification of time series of temperature variations from climatically homogeneous regions based on long‐term persistence D. Sarvan et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6982
- Microwave polarization characteristics of snow at 6.9 and 18.7 GHz: Estimating the water content of the snow layers C. Varotsos et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2018.12.041
- Heterogeneity of Scaling of the Observed Global Temperature Data S. Blesić et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0823.1
- Geographic variability in dust and temperature in climate scaling regimes over the Last Glacial Cycle N. Acuña Reyes et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1579-2024
- Nature-society system survivability model: Simulations of the principal natural and anthropogenic processes V. Krapivin & C. Varotsos https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2017.07.003
- Comparison of GCM Precipitation Predictions with Their RMSEs and Pattern Correlation Coefficients C. Yoo & E. Cho https://doi.org/10.3390/w10010028
- Paleoecological and recent data show a steady temporal evolution of carbon dioxide and temperature C. Varotsos et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2019.12.022
- Patterns of changing surface climate variability from the Last Glacial Maximum to present in transient model simulations E. Ziegler et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-627-2025
- On the Recovery of the Water Balance C. Varotsos et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04554-6
- Origins of Persistence in Energetic Neutral Atom Time Series from IBEX N. Sarlis et al. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/addb4a
- An aeromagnetic survey system based on an unmanned autonomous helicopter: Development, experiment, and analysis Y. Pei et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2016.1274448
- The remotely sensed geometric data of rain and clouds as a basis for studying extreme events C. Varotsos et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2022.2091963
- Modeling the state of marine ecosystems: A case study of the Okhotsk Sea C. Varotsos & V. Krapivin https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2019.02.003
- The fractional energy balance equation for climate projections through 2100 R. Procyk et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-81-2022
- Future Temperature Extremes Will Be More Harmful: A New Critical Factor for Improved Forecasts C. Varotsos & Y. Mazei https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16204015
- Applying Satellite-Based and Global Atmospheric Reanalysis Datasets to Simulate Sulphur Dioxide Plume Dispersion from Mount Nyamuragira 2006 Volcanic Eruption T. Modiba et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/earth6030102
- Centennial-Scale Temperature Change in Last Millennium Simulations and Proxy-Based Reconstructions F. Ljungqvist et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0525.1
- Contrasting State‐Dependent Effects of Natural Forcing on Global and Local Climate Variability B. Ellerhoff et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL098335
- Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as a tool for hazard assessment: The 2021 eruption of Cumbre Vieja volcano, La Palma Island (Spain) A. Román et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157092
- Bayesian Information Criterion-Based Markov Chain Analysis of Some Pollutants Resulted from Heavy Use of Fireworks over Kolkata, India S. Karmakar et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-019-00225-5
- Impacts of climate warming on atmospheric phase transition mechanisms C. Varotsos & S. Ghosh https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-016-1951-2
- Multifractal scaling properties of daily air temperature time series N. Kalamaras et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2017.03.003
- A regime shift in the Sun-Climate connection with the end of the Medieval Climate Anomaly D. Smirnov et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-11340-8
- Comparing estimation techniques for temporal scaling in palaeoclimate time series R. Hébert et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-28-311-2021
- Temperature and Ozone Response to Different Forcing in the Lower Troposphere and Stratosphere M. Usacheva et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15111289
- A New Climate Nowcasting Tool Based on Paleoclimatic Data C. Varotsos et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145546
- An observation-based scaling model for climate sensitivity estimates and global projections to 2100 R. Hébert et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05521-x
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- New Optical Tools for Water Quality Diagnostics C. Varotsos et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-019-4228-4
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 16 Sep 2026
Short summary
We compare the statistical properties of solar, volcanic and combined forcings over the range from 1 to 1000 years to see over which scale ranges they additively combine, a prediction of linear response. The main findings are (a) that the variability in the Zebiac–Cane model and GCMs are too weak at centennial and longer scales; (b) for longer than ≈ 50 years, the forcings combine subadditively; and (c) at shorter scales, strong (intermittency, e.g. volcanic) forcings are nonlinear.
We compare the statistical properties of solar, volcanic and combined forcings over the range...
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