Earth System Dynamics
Earth System Dynamics
ESD
Articles | Volume 17, issue 4
Articles | Volume 17, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-987-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-987-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 17, issue 4
Research article
 | 
13 Jul 2026
Research article |  | 13 Jul 2026

Amplification of ENSO-driven vegetation variability at decadal and longer timescales

Nora L. S. Fahrenbach and Robert C. J. Wills

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Latest update: 24 Aug 2026
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Short summary
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) drives short-term global plant changes, but its influence on decadal changes is not fully known. Using global climate models, we found that plants show pronounced ENSO-driven changes on decadal and longer timescales. Slow plant responses are influenced by soil water content and plant dynamics but only have a weak effect on the plant’s net carbon uptake. Our work shows that vegetation memory could be an important source of decadal climate predictability.
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