Articles | Volume 16, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-451-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Impact of Greenland Ice Sheet disintegration on atmosphere and ocean disentangled
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- Final revised paper (published on 14 Mar 2025)
- Preprint (discussion started on 22 Aug 2024)
Interactive discussion
Status: closed
Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor
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RC1: 'Comment on esd-2024-24', Anonymous Referee #1, 19 Sep 2024
- AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Malena Andernach, 29 Oct 2024
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RC2: 'Comment on esd-2024-24', Xavier Fettweis, 25 Sep 2024
- AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Malena Andernach, 29 Oct 2024
- EC1: 'Comment on esd-2024-24', Michel Crucifix, 04 Nov 2024
Peer review completion
AR – Author's response | RR – Referee report | ED – Editor decision | EF – Editorial file upload
ED: Reconsider after major revisions (04 Nov 2024) by Michel Crucifix
AR by Malena Andernach on behalf of the Authors (26 Nov 2024)
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ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (03 Dec 2024) by Michel Crucifix
RR by Xavier Fettweis (09 Dec 2024)
ED: Reconsider after major revisions (27 Dec 2024) by Michel Crucifix
AR by Malena Andernach on behalf of the Authors (08 Jan 2025)
Author's response
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ED: Publish as is (17 Jan 2025) by Michel Crucifix
AR by Malena Andernach on behalf of the Authors (23 Jan 2025)
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This manuscript investigates the climatic impact of a disappearance of the Greenland ice sheet, mainly at high northern latitudes. Sensitivity experiments are performed to disentangle the drivers of these impacts: on one hand, the atmospheric response and the oceanic response and, on the other, the effects of the reduction in surface elevation and the change in surface properties.
I believe such a study should be interesting for a broad sector of the community. However I have major issues with the text that need reworking. These have to do mainly with the Results section. First, it is extremely lengthy and descriptive, which makes the reading a bit tiring, so shortening this section would improve the readability. I provide specific suggestions below. In this line, there are many sections that repeat information that was already given before. Second, some reorganization is also needed. For instance, changes in sea ice have a very large impact on surface temperatures but appear very late in the paper. Finally, and importantly, many results are mentioned and described but not shown, especially in relation with ocean changes which seems to be the focus of the paper, e.g. the AMOC. There is also a brief section focusing on remote impacts which are actually not shown.
Having said that, the text is well written and the figures are excellent. I therefore provide below a list of specific comments which I think need to be addressed before the manuscript can be accepted for publication. As you can see they are quite detailed at the beginning because I think the first sections read well but more general towards the end, where I think the problems I mentioned before are more severe.
Abstract, line 1: you do not really investigate the impact on the global climate but rather mainly focus on high northern latitudes.
l 10: “whereas altered Greenland surface properties mostly amplify but also counteract few of the changes”: this could be removed.
l 11-12: “Only in the Labrador Sea, altered Greenland surface properties dominate the ocean response”: I am not sure whether this is grammatically fully correct, please check.
l 14: “Despite the confinement of most responses to the Arctic, a disintegrated GrIS also influences remote climates”: this is not really investigated. See below.
l 22: “the interplay between GrIS characteristics and the broader climate system is imperative to understand”: I think this is not grammatically correct.
l 24-27: you provide a very long list of references here just saying “These studies found considerable climatic changes”. I suggest summarizing briefly the insight provided by those studies.
l 50: “Here, we extend those studies by examining the interactions of the GrIS with the entire climate system, including the deep ocean”: I do not think this is true, you mainly focus on the Arctic. You do comment on changes in the deep ocean and in the AMOC but you do not show the latter
l 57: remove comma
l 95: Could you be more explicit about the surface parameters that you changed? Eventually a figure to illustrate these would be good.
l 101: Since you are using a coupled atmosphere-ocean model which is supposed to be one of the main steps forward of this work, the fact that you do not take into account freshwater associated with the removal of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) should be mentioned more explicitly, in particular in the Discussion as a caveat.
l 105: This might be a bit subtle but do you interpret the *_atm experiments as the response of the atmosphere (alone) to the disappearance of the GrIS or the contribution of the atmosphere (only) to the climate response to the disappearance of the GrIS? I would tend to see it as the latter case and I think this is how you frame it below.
l 105-110: I am not sure how the *_atm experiments are done: do they really include the full coupled atmosphere-ocean model with SST and SSS nudging? Why not just doing an atmosphere-only run with prescribed SSTs? Do you really need 3000 model years in this case?
l 139-141: This description is very detailed, I don’t think you need to go so much into how much every region warms. You could spare a few lines here.
l 141: replace -6K by 6K
l 143: here and in many places in this section you refer to sea-ice changes without showing them. They only appear much later, in Fig. 10. I think these should appear right away and be discussed already here since they are crucial to understanding the temperature response.
l 145-146: Also, I would replace “atmospheric circulation changes” by “the atmosphere”. And I would say the dipole pattern is caused in part by the atmospheric response, and in part by the ocean. In relation to my comment above, I see these changes as contributed to by the atmosphere and/or the ocean.
l 148: I would write “limits temperatures to values below the freezing point”
l 152 and below: sea-ice changes are mentioned here again without referring to figures.
l 155: I think here where you write “feedback” you mean “effect”. The effect is opposite to what you describe in lines 153-154 but the feedback is the same.
l 157: I think here again you mean negative temperature response rather than feedback.
l 160: I think it is premature to say the atmosphere changes are associated with circulation changes. You can nevertheless say you will show in Section 3.1.2 that is the case.
l 166: remove the comma.
l 165-168: Why not comment on the ocean response briefly?
l 170-175: Please show the annual mean changes too.
l 185: 10-m winds are (in general) not reversed but decreased.
l 185 - 198: Here again you mention often changes in sea ice that should be shown. Also, you refer to temperature changes without referring to the figures, which would help the reader to follow the argument. Since the atmospheric circulation changes are only shown on an annual mean basis, showing the annual mean temperature changes would help too.
l 189: You mention here as a cause of the warming the reduction in sea ice but Figure 3d shows (for summer) a larger warming role of the atmosphere-only compared to ocean-only. Again I think it would be better to compare this with the annual mean temperature change.
l 190: Remove comma.
l 193: Do you mean insulation rather than insolation?
l 199-216: Here I repeat the same arguments as above. You very often mention sea-ice changes, which need to be shown, and you relate changes with temperature changes, which I think need to be shown and discussed on an annual-mean basis.
Figure 4c,d: a logarithmic scale would be better because the changes over Greenland are so large that the rest of the arrows and values are muted.
l 213: remove comma
l 216: remove “both”
l 225: include “not shown” at the end
Section 3.1.3: I think this section very much repeats what has been said in the previous ones so I don’t really think it is necessary. The only thing I think is really new is the description of how the surface properties change when the GrIS is removed, but since these are relevant from the beginning of the discussion they should probably be shown earlier. Figure 8, however, is a nice summary, so it could be kept but very much reducing its description.
Section 3.2.1: This section seems extremely long and descriptive to me. There are about six pages describing changes in the Arctic. I think there is no need to go in detail over each of the five basins as is done now, but rather try to synthesize the main results. In this line, the introductory paragraph (l 305-317) is not needed and the rest should not be arranged on the basis of individual basins but as a whole, much more succinctly. Therefore I do not go in detail over the text. Another important problem of this section is that many results which are mentioned are not shown. For instance, changes in deep water formation is mentioned in lines 376 or 443 but not illustrated in the figures. The same applies to the overflow in the Denmark Strait (l 433) and changes NADW and AABW (l 439).
Section 3.2.2: This whole section refers to AMOC changes but they are not shown. One wonders whether a figure has been forgotten but there is no reference to one. You should either focus on ocean circulation changes and show them or not.
Section 3.3: This section is supposed to focus on remote changes but these are not illustrated. A few remote changes are mentioned (cooling over Europe, a reduction in the storm tracks over NW Europe and a shift in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre) but these, again, are not shown. The authors have summarized these and other changes in a very nice figure but without showing the main changes many of the features shown just have to be believed. I would suggest removing the remote changes and focusing on the regional ones, and keeping a short description of the figure (Figure 13), which is a nice summary.
Section 3.4: As before, this section is extremely long and repeats very much what has already been learnt. As I said before, I would just keep a short description of figure 13, which is a nice summary.
Section 3.5: This section is interesting but seems to be out of scope. I am not totally against it but given the length of the manuscript and the results that are omitted the authors could consider removing it. There are many studies with ice sheet models addressing the irreversibility of a Greenland ice sheet disappearance.