Earth System Dynamics
Earth System Dynamics
ESD
Articles | Volume 16, issue 1
Articles | Volume 16, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-115-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-115-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 16, issue 1
Research article
 | 
20 Jan 2025
Research article |  | 20 Jan 2025

Observation-based temperature and freshwater noise over the Atlantic Ocean

Amber A. Boot and Henk A. Dijkstra

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Short summary
The ocean is forced at the surface by a heat flux and a freshwater flux. This noise can influence long-term ocean variability and large-scale circulation. Here we study noise characteristics in reanalysis data for these fluxes. We try to capture the noise characteristics by using several noise models and compare these to state-of-the-art climate models. A pointwise noise model performs better than the climate models and can be used as forcing in ocean-only models.
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