Articles | Volume 13, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-1689-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-1689-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| Highlight paper
| 
08 Dec 2022
Research article | Highlight paper |
| 08 Dec 2022
| 08 Dec 2022
Rapid attribution analysis of the extraordinary heat wave on the Pacific coast of the US and Canada in June 2021
Sjoukje Y. Philip
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, the Netherlands
Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, the Netherlands
Geert Jan van Oldenborgh
Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, the Netherlands
Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
deceased, 12 October 2021
Faron S. Anslow
Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8R4J1, Canada
Sonia I. Seneviratne
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Robert Vautard
Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
Dim Coumou
Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, the Netherlands
Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Kristie L. Ebi
Center for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Julie Arrighi
Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, The Hague, the Netherlands
Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
Global Disaster Preparedness Center, American Red Cross, Washington, DC, USA
Roop Singh
Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, The Hague, the Netherlands
Maarten van Aalst
Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, The Hague, the Netherlands
Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
Carolina Pereira Marghidan
Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
Michael Wehner
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
Wenchang Yang
Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Dominik L. Schumacher
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Mathias Hauser
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Rémy Bonnet
Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
Linh N. Luu
Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, the Netherlands
Flavio Lehner
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Nathan Gillett
Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada
Jordis S. Tradowsky
Deutscher Wetterdienst, Regionales Klimabüro Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
Bodeker Scientific, Alexandra, New Zealand
Gabriel A. Vecchi
Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
The High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
Chris Rodell
Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Roland B. Stull
Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Rosie Howard
Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Friederike E. L. Otto
School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Latest update: 08 Mar 2026
Editorial statement
A paper of clear broad interest.
Short summary
In June 2021, the Pacific Northwest of the US and Canada saw record temperatures far exceeding those previously observed. This attribution study found such a severe heat wave would have been virtually impossible without human-induced climate change. Assuming no nonlinear interactions, such events have become at least 150 times more common, are about 2 °C hotter and will become even more common as warming continues. Therefore, adaptation and mitigation are urgently needed to prepare society.
In June 2021, the Pacific Northwest of the US and Canada saw record temperatures far exceeding...
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