Articles | Volume 12, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-197-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-197-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Rankings of extreme and widespread dry and wet events in the Iberian Peninsula between 1901 and 2016
Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de
Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa,
1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
Irene Montero
Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de
Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
Célia Gouveia
Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa,
1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera Lisboa, 1749-077 Lisbon, Portugal
Ana Russo
Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa,
1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
Alexandre M. Ramos
Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa,
1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
Ricardo M. Trigo
Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa,
1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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Cited
14 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Trend analysis of widespread heat days in the Middle East and North Africa region between 1871 and 2012 M. Rezaei et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8306
- Combined large-scale tropical and subtropical forcing on the severe 2019–2022 drought in South America J. Geirinhas et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-023-00510-3
- Catalogue of drought events in peninsular Spanish along 1916–2020 period V. Trullenque-Blanco et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03484-w
- Wind erosion as a potential source of microbial diversity in semiarid agricultural soils C. Asensio-Amador et al. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202549012725
- Thermodynamic intensification and atmosphere-soil coupling of drought in North-West Africa M. Stojanovic et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103785
- Drought conditions, aridity and forest structure control the responses of Iberian holm oak woodlands to extreme droughts: A large-scale remote-sensing exploration in eastern Spain M. Moreno-de-las-Heras et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165887
- Extreme weather events on energy systems: a comprehensive review on impacts, mitigation, and adaptation measures A. Gonçalves et al. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40807-023-00097-6
- Links Between Extremes in GRACE TWS and Climate Patterns Across Iberia M. Neves https://doi.org/10.3390/w17081108
- CETD, a global compound events detection and visualisation toolbox and dataset C. Yin et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04530-x
- The future of Iberian droughts: a deeper analysis based on multi-scenario and a multi-model ensemble approach P. Soares et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-05938-7
- The compound event that triggered the destructive fires of October 2017 in Portugal A. Ramos et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.106141
- Dry–Hot Compound Events Driving the 2024 Pantanal Wildfires L. Belém et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.70312
- Compound dry-hot-fire events connecting Central and Southeastern South America: an unapparent and deadly ripple effect D. Monteiro dos Santos et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44304-024-00031-w
- Compound atmospheric and marine hot extremes coupled with droughts in Madagascar A. Russo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2026.100884
14 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Trend analysis of widespread heat days in the Middle East and North Africa region between 1871 and 2012 M. Rezaei et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8306
- Combined large-scale tropical and subtropical forcing on the severe 2019–2022 drought in South America J. Geirinhas et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-023-00510-3
- Catalogue of drought events in peninsular Spanish along 1916–2020 period V. Trullenque-Blanco et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03484-w
- Wind erosion as a potential source of microbial diversity in semiarid agricultural soils C. Asensio-Amador et al. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202549012725
- Thermodynamic intensification and atmosphere-soil coupling of drought in North-West Africa M. Stojanovic et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103785
- Drought conditions, aridity and forest structure control the responses of Iberian holm oak woodlands to extreme droughts: A large-scale remote-sensing exploration in eastern Spain M. Moreno-de-las-Heras et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165887
- Extreme weather events on energy systems: a comprehensive review on impacts, mitigation, and adaptation measures A. Gonçalves et al. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40807-023-00097-6
- Links Between Extremes in GRACE TWS and Climate Patterns Across Iberia M. Neves https://doi.org/10.3390/w17081108
- CETD, a global compound events detection and visualisation toolbox and dataset C. Yin et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04530-x
- The future of Iberian droughts: a deeper analysis based on multi-scenario and a multi-model ensemble approach P. Soares et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-05938-7
- The compound event that triggered the destructive fires of October 2017 in Portugal A. Ramos et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.106141
- Dry–Hot Compound Events Driving the 2024 Pantanal Wildfires L. Belém et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.70312
- Compound dry-hot-fire events connecting Central and Southeastern South America: an unapparent and deadly ripple effect D. Monteiro dos Santos et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44304-024-00031-w
- Compound atmospheric and marine hot extremes coupled with droughts in Madagascar A. Russo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2026.100884
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 25 Aug 2026
Short summary
Extensive, long-standing dry and wet episodes are frequent climatic extreme events (EEs) in the Iberian Peninsula (IP). A method for ranking regional extremes of persistent, widespread drought and wet events is presented, using different SPEI timescales. Results show that there is no region more prone to EE occurrences in the IP, the most extreme extensive agricultural droughts evolve into hydrological and more persistent extreme droughts, and widespread wet and dry EEs are anti-correlated.
Extensive, long-standing dry and wet episodes are frequent climatic extreme events (EEs) in the...
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