the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Agnotology: learning from mistakes
Abstract. Replication is an important part of science, and by repeating past analyses, we show that a number of papers in the scientific literature contain severe methodological flaws which can easily be identified through simple tests and demonstrations. In many cases, shortcomings are related to a lack of robustness, leading to results that are not universally valid but rather an artifact of a particular experimental set-up. Some examples presented here have ignored data that do not fit the conclusions, and in several other cases, inappropriate statistical methods have been adopted or conclusions have been based on misconceived physics. These papers may serve as educational case studies for why certain analytical approaches sometimes are unsuitable in providing reliable answers. They also highlight the merit of replication. A lack of common replication has repercussions for the quality of the scientific literature, and may be a reason why some controversial questions remain unanswered even when ignorance could be reduced. Agnotology is the study of such ignorance. A free and open-source software is provided for demonstration purposes.
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RC C236: 'Review', Anonymous Referee #1, 22 May 2013
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SC C251: 'Review Report of “Agnotology: learning from mistakes”', Rasmus Benestad, 09 Jun 2013
- SC C304: 'Benestad wrong about Dirichlet conditions', Paul Matthews, 01 Jul 2013
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SC C251: 'Review Report of “Agnotology: learning from mistakes”', Rasmus Benestad, 09 Jun 2013
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RC C250: 'Review #2', Anonymous Referee #2, 07 Jun 2013
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SC C313: 'Reply to the review by Referee #2', Nicola Scafetta, 02 Jul 2013
- SC C321: 'corrigendum', Nicola Scafetta, 03 Jul 2013
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SC C313: 'Reply to the review by Referee #2', Nicola Scafetta, 02 Jul 2013
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SC C253: 'Comments on Agnotology', Craig Loehle, 13 Jun 2013
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SC C258: 'Response to C. Loehle', Rasmus Benestad, 14 Jun 2013
- SC C318: 'Reply to Benestad's comment on Loehle's rebuttal', Nicola Scafetta, 02 Jul 2013
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SC C258: 'Response to C. Loehle', Rasmus Benestad, 14 Jun 2013
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SC C257: 'Comments from Solheim, Humlum, Stordahl and Yndestad', Jan-Erik Solheim, 14 Jun 2013
- SC C262: 'REsponse to Solheim et al.', Rasmus Benestad, 16 Jun 2013
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SC C261: 'Comment on esd-2013-12', Ross McKitrick, 14 Jun 2013
- SC C269: 'Reply to McKitrick', Rasmus Benestad, 16 Jun 2013
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SC C277: 'Some notes on "Agnotology: learning from mistakes" by Benestad et al.', Oliver Bothe, 21 Jun 2013
- SC C280: 'Comment to O. Bothe', Rasmus Benestad, 21 Jun 2013
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SC C285: 'Comments on “Agnotology: Learning from mistakes” by R. E. Benestad, H. O. Hygen, R. van Dorland, J. Cook and D. Nuccitelli', Jaap C. Hanekamp, 24 Jun 2013
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SC C296: 'Response to the comment by Dr. Jaap Hanekamp', Rasmus Benestad, 26 Jun 2013
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SC C311: 'Reply to R. E. Benestad, H. O. Hygen, R. van Dorland, J. Cook and D. Nuccitelli', Jaap C. Hanekamp, 01 Jul 2013
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SC C322: 'Response SC C311 comment by Hanekamp.', Rasmus Benestad, 04 Jul 2013
- SC C325: 'Reply to Interactive comment on “Agnotology: learning from mistakes” by R. E. Benestad et al.', Jaap C. Hanekamp, 04 Jul 2013
- SC C327: 'Interactive comment on “Agnotology: learning from mistakes” by R. E. Benestad et al.', Jaap C. Hanekamp, 04 Jul 2013
-
SC C322: 'Response SC C311 comment by Hanekamp.', Rasmus Benestad, 04 Jul 2013
-
SC C311: 'Reply to R. E. Benestad, H. O. Hygen, R. van Dorland, J. Cook and D. Nuccitelli', Jaap C. Hanekamp, 01 Jul 2013
-
SC C296: 'Response to the comment by Dr. Jaap Hanekamp', Rasmus Benestad, 26 Jun 2013
-
SC C291: 'Comments from Klimarealistene', Jan-Erik Solheim, 25 Jun 2013
- SC C292: 'Reply to Ellestad/Solheim/"klimarealistene"', Rasmus Benestad, 25 Jun 2013
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SC C305: 'A comment to Case 10 in Agnotology: learning from mistakes', Kristoffer Rypdal, 01 Jul 2013
- SC C333: 'Response to Dr. Rypdal. I appreciate the work', Rasmus Benestad, 05 Jul 2013
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SC C312: 'Comment on “ ‘Agnotology: learning from mistakes’ by R. E. Benestad, H. O. Hygen, R. van Dorland, J. Cook, and D. Nuccitelli”', Nicola Scafetta, 02 Jul 2013
- SC C340: 'Response to the comment of Scafetta', Rasmus Benestad, 05 Jul 2013
-
SC C328: 'A clash between denialists', Kristoffer Rypdal, 04 Jul 2013
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SC C331: 'reply to Rypdal', Nicola Scafetta, 04 Jul 2013
- SC C338: 'Scafetta and predictability', Kristoffer Rypdal, 05 Jul 2013
- SC C347: 'Short response to Rypdal', Rasmus Benestad, 05 Jul 2013
-
SC C331: 'reply to Rypdal', Nicola Scafetta, 04 Jul 2013
- AC C393: 'Reply to referee comments', Rasmus Benestad, 16 Aug 2013
- EC C400: 'Final Editor decision', Matthew Huber, 03 Sep 2013
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RC C236: 'Review', Anonymous Referee #1, 22 May 2013
-
SC C251: 'Review Report of “Agnotology: learning from mistakes”', Rasmus Benestad, 09 Jun 2013
- SC C304: 'Benestad wrong about Dirichlet conditions', Paul Matthews, 01 Jul 2013
-
SC C251: 'Review Report of “Agnotology: learning from mistakes”', Rasmus Benestad, 09 Jun 2013
-
RC C250: 'Review #2', Anonymous Referee #2, 07 Jun 2013
-
SC C313: 'Reply to the review by Referee #2', Nicola Scafetta, 02 Jul 2013
- SC C321: 'corrigendum', Nicola Scafetta, 03 Jul 2013
-
SC C313: 'Reply to the review by Referee #2', Nicola Scafetta, 02 Jul 2013
-
SC C253: 'Comments on Agnotology', Craig Loehle, 13 Jun 2013
-
SC C258: 'Response to C. Loehle', Rasmus Benestad, 14 Jun 2013
- SC C318: 'Reply to Benestad's comment on Loehle's rebuttal', Nicola Scafetta, 02 Jul 2013
-
SC C258: 'Response to C. Loehle', Rasmus Benestad, 14 Jun 2013
-
SC C257: 'Comments from Solheim, Humlum, Stordahl and Yndestad', Jan-Erik Solheim, 14 Jun 2013
- SC C262: 'REsponse to Solheim et al.', Rasmus Benestad, 16 Jun 2013
-
SC C261: 'Comment on esd-2013-12', Ross McKitrick, 14 Jun 2013
- SC C269: 'Reply to McKitrick', Rasmus Benestad, 16 Jun 2013
-
SC C277: 'Some notes on "Agnotology: learning from mistakes" by Benestad et al.', Oliver Bothe, 21 Jun 2013
- SC C280: 'Comment to O. Bothe', Rasmus Benestad, 21 Jun 2013
-
SC C285: 'Comments on “Agnotology: Learning from mistakes” by R. E. Benestad, H. O. Hygen, R. van Dorland, J. Cook and D. Nuccitelli', Jaap C. Hanekamp, 24 Jun 2013
-
SC C296: 'Response to the comment by Dr. Jaap Hanekamp', Rasmus Benestad, 26 Jun 2013
-
SC C311: 'Reply to R. E. Benestad, H. O. Hygen, R. van Dorland, J. Cook and D. Nuccitelli', Jaap C. Hanekamp, 01 Jul 2013
-
SC C322: 'Response SC C311 comment by Hanekamp.', Rasmus Benestad, 04 Jul 2013
- SC C325: 'Reply to Interactive comment on “Agnotology: learning from mistakes” by R. E. Benestad et al.', Jaap C. Hanekamp, 04 Jul 2013
- SC C327: 'Interactive comment on “Agnotology: learning from mistakes” by R. E. Benestad et al.', Jaap C. Hanekamp, 04 Jul 2013
-
SC C322: 'Response SC C311 comment by Hanekamp.', Rasmus Benestad, 04 Jul 2013
-
SC C311: 'Reply to R. E. Benestad, H. O. Hygen, R. van Dorland, J. Cook and D. Nuccitelli', Jaap C. Hanekamp, 01 Jul 2013
-
SC C296: 'Response to the comment by Dr. Jaap Hanekamp', Rasmus Benestad, 26 Jun 2013
-
SC C291: 'Comments from Klimarealistene', Jan-Erik Solheim, 25 Jun 2013
- SC C292: 'Reply to Ellestad/Solheim/"klimarealistene"', Rasmus Benestad, 25 Jun 2013
-
SC C305: 'A comment to Case 10 in Agnotology: learning from mistakes', Kristoffer Rypdal, 01 Jul 2013
- SC C333: 'Response to Dr. Rypdal. I appreciate the work', Rasmus Benestad, 05 Jul 2013
-
SC C312: 'Comment on “ ‘Agnotology: learning from mistakes’ by R. E. Benestad, H. O. Hygen, R. van Dorland, J. Cook, and D. Nuccitelli”', Nicola Scafetta, 02 Jul 2013
- SC C340: 'Response to the comment of Scafetta', Rasmus Benestad, 05 Jul 2013
-
SC C328: 'A clash between denialists', Kristoffer Rypdal, 04 Jul 2013
-
SC C331: 'reply to Rypdal', Nicola Scafetta, 04 Jul 2013
- SC C338: 'Scafetta and predictability', Kristoffer Rypdal, 05 Jul 2013
- SC C347: 'Short response to Rypdal', Rasmus Benestad, 05 Jul 2013
-
SC C331: 'reply to Rypdal', Nicola Scafetta, 04 Jul 2013
- AC C393: 'Reply to referee comments', Rasmus Benestad, 16 Aug 2013
- EC C400: 'Final Editor decision', Matthew Huber, 03 Sep 2013
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Cited
4 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Agnotología: El estudio de la ignorancia y la educación médica M. Sánchez-Mendiola 10.22201/facmed.20075057e.2019.31.19199
- Agnotology, Scientific Consensus, and the Teaching and Learning of Climate Change: A Response to Legates, Soon and Briggs D. Bedford & J. Cook 10.1007/s11191-013-9608-3
- Are there persistent physical atmospheric responses to galactic cosmic rays? R. Benestad 10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035049
- Comment on "Cosmic-ray-driven reaction and greenhouse effect of halogenated molecules: Culprits for atmospheric ozone depletion and global climate change" D. Nuccitelli et al. 10.1142/S0217979214820037