Coherence among the Northern Hemisphere land, cryosphere, and ocean
responses to natural variability and anthropogenic forcing during the
satellite era

Gonsamo, Alemu; Chen, Jing M.; Shindell, Drew T.; Asner, Gregory P.

doi:10.5194/esd-7-717-2016

Articles | Volume 7, issue 3

https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-717-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-717-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 7, issue 3

Research article

|

30 Aug 2016

Research article |

| 30 Aug 2016

Coherence among the Northern Hemisphere land, cryosphere, and ocean responses to natural variability and anthropogenic forcing during the satellite era

Alemu Gonsamo, Jing M. Chen, Drew T. Shindell, and Gregory P. Asner

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Total article views: 4,482 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

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Views and downloads (calculated since 19 Jan 2016)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
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Feb 2016	83	18	1	102
Mar 2016	68	3	0	71
Apr 2016	38	2	1	41
May 2016	32	5	0	37
Jun 2016	11	2	0	13
Jul 2016	9	7	0	16
Aug 2016	91	13	2	106
Sep 2016	244	43	3	290
Oct 2016	129	25	1	155
Nov 2016	21	15	0	36
Dec 2016	18	13	1	32
Jan 2017	27	14	0	41
Feb 2017	28	18	2	48
Mar 2017	59	22	8	89
Apr 2017	71	22	9	102
May 2017	80	18	10	108
Jun 2017	50	15	5	70
Jul 2017	30	20	2	52
Aug 2017	17	14	0	31
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Oct 2017	13	10	0	23
Nov 2017	16	15	2	33
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Jan 2018	17	8	2	27
Feb 2018	26	12	3	41
Mar 2018	14	10	1	25
Apr 2018	17	14	2	33
May 2018	12	11	0	23
Jun 2018	8	12	0	20
Jul 2018	10	9	0	19
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Aug 2020	29	15	1	45
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Oct 2020	18	8	2	28
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Feb 2024	14	11	1	26
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May 2024	24	15	0	39
Jun 2024	22	10	2	34
Jul 2024	29	8	5	42
Aug 2024	30	7	5	42
Sep 2024	11	9	6	26
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Nov 2024	9	6	0	15
Dec 2024	12	7	2	21
Jan 2025	17	8	0	25
Feb 2025	23	7	1	31
Mar 2025	13	15	4	32
Apr 2025	13	10	0	23
May 2025	24	11	0	35
Jun 2025	50	13	2	65
Jul 2025	38	12	7	57
Aug 2025	30	19	1	50
Sep 2025	52	23	0	75
Oct 2025	37	22	2	61
Nov 2025	13	5	1	19

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 19 Jan 2016)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Jan 2016	100	23	3	126
Feb 2016	83	18	1	102
Mar 2016	68	3	0	71
Apr 2016	38	2	1	41
May 2016	32	5	0	37
Jun 2016	11	2	0	13
Jul 2016	9	7	0	16
Aug 2016	91	13	2	106
Sep 2016	244	43	3	290
Oct 2016	129	25	1	155
Nov 2016	21	15	0	36
Dec 2016	18	13	1	32
Jan 2017	27	14	0	41
Feb 2017	28	18	2	48
Mar 2017	59	22	8	89
Apr 2017	71	22	9	102
May 2017	80	18	10	108
Jun 2017	50	15	5	70
Jul 2017	30	20	2	52
Aug 2017	17	14	0	31
Sep 2017	22	24	1	47
Oct 2017	13	10	0	23
Nov 2017	16	15	2	33
Dec 2017	20	11	4	35
Jan 2018	17	8	2	27
Feb 2018	26	12	3	41
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Apr 2018	17	14	2	33
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Jan 2024	16	23	1	40
Feb 2024	14	11	1	26
Mar 2024	11	17	2	30
Apr 2024	22	10	15	47
May 2024	24	15	0	39
Jun 2024	22	10	2	34
Jul 2024	29	8	5	42
Aug 2024	30	7	5	42
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Oct 2024	12	10	2	24
Nov 2024	9	6	0	15
Dec 2024	12	7	2	21
Jan 2025	17	8	0	25
Feb 2025	23	7	1	31
Mar 2025	13	15	4	32
Apr 2025	13	10	0	23
May 2025	24	11	0	35
Jun 2025	50	13	2	65
Jul 2025	38	12	7	57
Aug 2025	30	19	1	50
Sep 2025	52	23	0	75
Oct 2025	37	22	2	61
Nov 2025	13	5	1	19

Latest update: 16 Nov 2025

Short summary

Using 3 decades of observational satellite and field data, we find that long-term changes in sea ice and sea level, plant phenology, and surface temperature are coherent with increases in atmospheric CO₂ concentration and other global greenhouse gases. During the same period, natural causes of climate change should only have a net cooling long-term effect, suggesting the observed coherent pattern of changes across Earth's biological and physical systems could only be due to human activities.