Articles | Volume 16, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-55-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-55-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
08 Jan 2025
Research article |
| 08 Jan 2025
| 08 Jan 2025
Assessing coupling between soil temperature and potential air temperature using PALM-4U: implications for idealized scenarios
Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
Christopher C. Holst
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research – Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
Basit Khan
Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
Mubadala Arabian Center for Climate and Environmental Sciences (ACCESS), New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Susanne A. Benz
Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Short summary
Utilizing the urban microclimate model PALM-4U, we show that temperature anomalies of ± 5 K at a depth of 2 m in the soil can impact atmospheric potential air temperatures within idealized domains. The impact depends on the season, time of day, land cover, and lateral boundary conditions of the domain. The magnitude of change depends mostly on seasonality and the time of day, ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 K. Land cover influences the absolute temperature but has a smaller impact on the magnitude.
Utilizing the urban microclimate model PALM-4U, we show that temperature anomalies of ± 5 K at a...
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