Articles | Volume 15, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-15-109-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-15-109-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
30 Jan 2024
Research article |
| 30 Jan 2024
| 30 Jan 2024
Scaling artificial heat islands to enhance precipitation in the United Arab Emirates
Oliver Branch
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Physics and Meteorology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
Lisa Jach
Institute of Physics and Meteorology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
Thomas Schwitalla
Institute of Physics and Meteorology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
Kirsten Warrach-Sagi
Institute of Physics and Meteorology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
Volker Wulfmeyer
Institute of Physics and Meteorology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
Related authors
Syed Saqlain Abbas, Andreas Behrendt, Oliver Branch, and Volker Wulfmeyer
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3878, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3878, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates turbulence statistics convective boundary layer. For this, we used data of two Doppler lidars, and an eddy covariance station between May to July 2021. We believe that these statistics are important to improve the land-atmosphere characterization in numerical weather prediction models.
Lisa Jach, Thomas Schwitalla, Oliver Branch, Kirsten Warrach-Sagi, and Volker Wulfmeyer
Earth Syst. Dynam., 13, 109–132, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-109-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-109-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The land surface can influence the occurrence of local rainfall through different feedback mechanisms. In Europe, this happens most frequently in summer. Here, we examine how differences in atmospheric temperature and moisture change where and how often the land surface can influence rainfall. The results show that the differences barely move the region of strong surface influence over Scandinavia and eastern Europe, but they can change the frequency of coupling events.
Oliver Branch, Thomas Schwitalla, Marouane Temimi, Ricardo Fonseca, Narendra Nelli, Michael Weston, Josipa Milovac, and Volker Wulfmeyer
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 1615–1637, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1615-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1615-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Effective numerical weather forecasting is vital in arid regions like the United Arab Emirates where extreme events like heat waves, flash floods, and dust storms are becoming more severe. This study employs a high-resolution simulation with the WRF-NOAHMP model, and the output is compared with seasonal observation data from 50 weather stations. This type of verification is vital to identify model deficiencies and improve forecasting systems for arid regions.
Youssef Wehbe, Marouane Temimi, Michael Weston, Naira Chaouch, Oliver Branch, Thomas Schwitalla, Volker Wulfmeyer, Xiwu Zhan, Jicheng Liu, and Abdulla Al Mandous
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1129–1149, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1129-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1129-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The work addresses the need for reliable precipitation forecasts in hyper-arid environments through state-of-the-art hydro-meteorological modeling. Accounting for land–atmosphere interactions in the applied model is shown to improve the accuracy of precipitation output. The chain of events controlling the soil moisture–precipitation feedback are diagnosed and verified by in situ observations and satellite data.
O. Branch, K. Warrach-Sagi, V. Wulfmeyer, and S. Cohen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1761–1783, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1761-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1761-2014, 2014
Thomas Schwitalla, Lisa Jach, Volker Wulfmeyer, and Kirsten Warrach-Sagi
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1405–1424, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-1405-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-1405-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
During recent decades, Europe has experienced increasing periods of severe drought and heatwave. To provide an overview of how land-surface conditions shape land–atmosphere (LA) coupling, the interannual LA coupling strength variability for the summer seasons of 1991–2022 is investigated by means of ERA5 data. The results clearly reflect ongoing climate change by a shift in the coupling relationships towards reinforced heating and drying by the land surface.
Elena Xoplaki, Florian Ellsäßer, Jens Grieger, Katrin M. Nissen, Joaquim G. Pinto, Markus Augenstein, Ting-Chen Chen, Hendrik Feldmann, Petra Friederichs, Daniel Gliksman, Laura Goulier, Karsten Haustein, Jens Heinke, Lisa Jach, Florian Knutzen, Stefan Kollet, Jürg Luterbacher, Niklas Luther, Susanna Mohr, Christoph Mudersbach, Christoph Müller, Efi Rousi, Felix Simon, Laura Suarez-Gutierrez, Svenja Szemkus, Sara M. Vallejo-Bernal, Odysseas Vlachopoulos, and Frederik Wolf
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 541–564, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-541-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-541-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Europe frequently experiences compound events, with major impacts. We investigate these events’ interactions, characteristics, and changes over time, focusing on socio-economic impacts in Germany and central Europe. Highlighting 2018’s extreme events, this study reveals impacts on water, agriculture, and forests and stresses the need for impact-focused definitions and better future risk quantification to support adaptation planning.
Syed Saqlain Abbas, Andreas Behrendt, Oliver Branch, and Volker Wulfmeyer
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3878, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3878, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates turbulence statistics convective boundary layer. For this, we used data of two Doppler lidars, and an eddy covariance station between May to July 2021. We believe that these statistics are important to improve the land-atmosphere characterization in numerical weather prediction models.
Volker Wulfmeyer, Christoph Senff, Florian Späth, Andreas Behrendt, Diego Lange, Robert M. Banta, W. Alan Brewer, Andreas Wieser, and David D. Turner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 1175–1196, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1175-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1175-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A simultaneous deployment of Doppler, temperature, and water-vapor lidar systems is used to provide profiles of molecular destruction rates and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation in the convective boundary layer (CBL). The results can be used for the parameterization of turbulent variables, TKE budget analyses, and the verification of weather forecast and climate models.
Efi Rousi, Andreas H. Fink, Lauren S. Andersen, Florian N. Becker, Goratz Beobide-Arsuaga, Marcus Breil, Giacomo Cozzi, Jens Heinke, Lisa Jach, Deborah Niermann, Dragan Petrovic, Andy Richling, Johannes Riebold, Stella Steidl, Laura Suarez-Gutierrez, Jordis S. Tradowsky, Dim Coumou, André Düsterhus, Florian Ellsäßer, Georgios Fragkoulidis, Daniel Gliksman, Dörthe Handorf, Karsten Haustein, Kai Kornhuber, Harald Kunstmann, Joaquim G. Pinto, Kirsten Warrach-Sagi, and Elena Xoplaki
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1699–1718, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1699-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1699-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The objective of this study was to perform a comprehensive, multi-faceted analysis of the 2018 extreme summer in terms of heat and drought in central and northern Europe, with a particular focus on Germany. A combination of favorable large-scale conditions and locally dry soils were related with the intensity and persistence of the events. We also showed that such extremes have become more likely due to anthropogenic climate change and might occur almost every year under +2 °C of global warming.
Florian Späth, Verena Rajtschan, Tobias K. D. Weber, Shehan Morandage, Diego Lange, Syed Saqlain Abbas, Andreas Behrendt, Joachim Ingwersen, Thilo Streck, and Volker Wulfmeyer
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 12, 25–44, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-12-25-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-12-25-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Important topics in land–atmosphere feedback research are water and energy balances and heterogeneities of fluxes at the land surface and in the atmosphere. To target these questions, the Land–Atmosphere Feedback Observatory (LAFO) has been installed in Germany. The instrumentation allows for comprehensive measurements from the bedrock to the troposphere. The LAFO observation strategy aims for simultaneous measurements in all three compartments: atmosphere, soil and land surface, and vegetation.
Alberto Caldas-Alvarez, Markus Augenstein, Georgy Ayzel, Klemens Barfus, Ribu Cherian, Lisa Dillenardt, Felix Fauer, Hendrik Feldmann, Maik Heistermann, Alexia Karwat, Frank Kaspar, Heidi Kreibich, Etor Emanuel Lucio-Eceiza, Edmund P. Meredith, Susanna Mohr, Deborah Niermann, Stephan Pfahl, Florian Ruff, Henning W. Rust, Lukas Schoppa, Thomas Schwitalla, Stella Steidl, Annegret H. Thieken, Jordis S. Tradowsky, Volker Wulfmeyer, and Johannes Quaas
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3701–3724, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3701-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3701-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In a warming climate, extreme precipitation events are becoming more frequent. To advance our knowledge on such phenomena, we present a multidisciplinary analysis of a selected case study that took place on 29 June 2017 in the Berlin metropolitan area. Our analysis provides evidence of the extremeness of the case from the atmospheric and the impacts perspectives as well as new insights on the physical mechanisms of the event at the meteorological and climate scales.
Tobias K. D. Weber, Joachim Ingwersen, Petra Högy, Arne Poyda, Hans-Dieter Wizemann, Michael Scott Demyan, Kristina Bohm, Ravshan Eshonkulov, Sebastian Gayler, Pascal Kremer, Moritz Laub, Yvonne Funkiun Nkwain, Christian Troost, Irene Witte, Tim Reichenau, Thomas Berger, Georg Cadisch, Torsten Müller, Andreas Fangmeier, Volker Wulfmeyer, and Thilo Streck
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1153–1181, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1153-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1153-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Presented are measurement results from six agricultural fields operated by local farmers in southwestern Germany over 9 years. Six eddy-covariance stations measuring water, energy, and carbon fluxes between the vegetated soil surface and the atmosphere provided the backbone of the measurement sites and were supplemented by extensive soil and vegetation state monitoring. The dataset is ideal for testing process models characterizing fluxes at the vegetated soil surface and in the atmosphere.
Giannis Sofiadis, Eleni Katragkou, Edouard L. Davin, Diana Rechid, Nathalie de Noblet-Ducoudre, Marcus Breil, Rita M. Cardoso, Peter Hoffmann, Lisa Jach, Ronny Meier, Priscilla A. Mooney, Pedro M. M. Soares, Susanna Strada, Merja H. Tölle, and Kirsten Warrach Sagi
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 595–616, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-595-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-595-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Afforestation is currently promoted as a greenhouse gas mitigation strategy. In our study, we examine the differences in soil temperature and moisture between grounds covered either by forests or grass. The main conclusion emerged is that forest-covered grounds are cooler but drier than open lands in summer. Therefore, afforestation disrupts the seasonal cycle of soil temperature, which in turn could trigger changes in crucial chemical processes such as soil carbon sequestration.
Lisa Jach, Thomas Schwitalla, Oliver Branch, Kirsten Warrach-Sagi, and Volker Wulfmeyer
Earth Syst. Dynam., 13, 109–132, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-109-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-109-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The land surface can influence the occurrence of local rainfall through different feedback mechanisms. In Europe, this happens most frequently in summer. Here, we examine how differences in atmospheric temperature and moisture change where and how often the land surface can influence rainfall. The results show that the differences barely move the region of strong surface influence over Scandinavia and eastern Europe, but they can change the frequency of coupling events.
Chang-Hwan Park, Aaron Berg, Michael H. Cosh, Andreas Colliander, Andreas Behrendt, Hida Manns, Jinkyu Hong, Johan Lee, Runze Zhang, and Volker Wulfmeyer
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6407–6420, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6407-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6407-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we proposed an inversion of the dielectric mixing model for a 50 Hz soil sensor for agricultural organic soil. This model can reflect the variability of soil organic matter (SOM) in wilting point and porosity, which play a critical role in improving the accuracy of SM estimation, using a dielectric-based soil sensor. The results of statistical analyses demonstrated a higher performance of the new model than the factory setting probe algorithm.
Bjorn Stevens, Sandrine Bony, David Farrell, Felix Ament, Alan Blyth, Christopher Fairall, Johannes Karstensen, Patricia K. Quinn, Sabrina Speich, Claudia Acquistapace, Franziska Aemisegger, Anna Lea Albright, Hugo Bellenger, Eberhard Bodenschatz, Kathy-Ann Caesar, Rebecca Chewitt-Lucas, Gijs de Boer, Julien Delanoë, Leif Denby, Florian Ewald, Benjamin Fildier, Marvin Forde, Geet George, Silke Gross, Martin Hagen, Andrea Hausold, Karen J. Heywood, Lutz Hirsch, Marek Jacob, Friedhelm Jansen, Stefan Kinne, Daniel Klocke, Tobias Kölling, Heike Konow, Marie Lothon, Wiebke Mohr, Ann Kristin Naumann, Louise Nuijens, Léa Olivier, Robert Pincus, Mira Pöhlker, Gilles Reverdin, Gregory Roberts, Sabrina Schnitt, Hauke Schulz, A. Pier Siebesma, Claudia Christine Stephan, Peter Sullivan, Ludovic Touzé-Peiffer, Jessica Vial, Raphaela Vogel, Paquita Zuidema, Nicola Alexander, Lyndon Alves, Sophian Arixi, Hamish Asmath, Gholamhossein Bagheri, Katharina Baier, Adriana Bailey, Dariusz Baranowski, Alexandre Baron, Sébastien Barrau, Paul A. Barrett, Frédéric Batier, Andreas Behrendt, Arne Bendinger, Florent Beucher, Sebastien Bigorre, Edmund Blades, Peter Blossey, Olivier Bock, Steven Böing, Pierre Bosser, Denis Bourras, Pascale Bouruet-Aubertot, Keith Bower, Pierre Branellec, Hubert Branger, Michal Brennek, Alan Brewer, Pierre-Etienne Brilouet, Björn Brügmann, Stefan A. Buehler, Elmo Burke, Ralph Burton, Radiance Calmer, Jean-Christophe Canonici, Xavier Carton, Gregory Cato Jr., Jude Andre Charles, Patrick Chazette, Yanxu Chen, Michal T. Chilinski, Thomas Choularton, Patrick Chuang, Shamal Clarke, Hugh Coe, Céline Cornet, Pierre Coutris, Fleur Couvreux, Susanne Crewell, Timothy Cronin, Zhiqiang Cui, Yannis Cuypers, Alton Daley, Gillian M. Damerell, Thibaut Dauhut, Hartwig Deneke, Jean-Philippe Desbios, Steffen Dörner, Sebastian Donner, Vincent Douet, Kyla Drushka, Marina Dütsch, André Ehrlich, Kerry Emanuel, Alexandros Emmanouilidis, Jean-Claude Etienne, Sheryl Etienne-Leblanc, Ghislain Faure, Graham Feingold, Luca Ferrero, Andreas Fix, Cyrille Flamant, Piotr Jacek Flatau, Gregory R. Foltz, Linda Forster, Iulian Furtuna, Alan Gadian, Joseph Galewsky, Martin Gallagher, Peter Gallimore, Cassandra Gaston, Chelle Gentemann, Nicolas Geyskens, Andreas Giez, John Gollop, Isabelle Gouirand, Christophe Gourbeyre, Dörte de Graaf, Geiske E. de Groot, Robert Grosz, Johannes Güttler, Manuel Gutleben, Kashawn Hall, George Harris, Kevin C. Helfer, Dean Henze, Calvert Herbert, Bruna Holanda, Antonio Ibanez-Landeta, Janet Intrieri, Suneil Iyer, Fabrice Julien, Heike Kalesse, Jan Kazil, Alexander Kellman, Abiel T. Kidane, Ulrike Kirchner, Marcus Klingebiel, Mareike Körner, Leslie Ann Kremper, Jan Kretzschmar, Ovid Krüger, Wojciech Kumala, Armin Kurz, Pierre L'Hégaret, Matthieu Labaste, Tom Lachlan-Cope, Arlene Laing, Peter Landschützer, Theresa Lang, Diego Lange, Ingo Lange, Clément Laplace, Gauke Lavik, Rémi Laxenaire, Caroline Le Bihan, Mason Leandro, Nathalie Lefevre, Marius Lena, Donald Lenschow, Qiang Li, Gary Lloyd, Sebastian Los, Niccolò Losi, Oscar Lovell, Christopher Luneau, Przemyslaw Makuch, Szymon Malinowski, Gaston Manta, Eleni Marinou, Nicholas Marsden, Sebastien Masson, Nicolas Maury, Bernhard Mayer, Margarette Mayers-Als, Christophe Mazel, Wayne McGeary, James C. McWilliams, Mario Mech, Melina Mehlmann, Agostino Niyonkuru Meroni, Theresa Mieslinger, Andreas Minikin, Peter Minnett, Gregor Möller, Yanmichel Morfa Avalos, Caroline Muller, Ionela Musat, Anna Napoli, Almuth Neuberger, Christophe Noisel, David Noone, Freja Nordsiek, Jakub L. Nowak, Lothar Oswald, Douglas J. Parker, Carolyn Peck, Renaud Person, Miriam Philippi, Albert Plueddemann, Christopher Pöhlker, Veronika Pörtge, Ulrich Pöschl, Lawrence Pologne, Michał Posyniak, Marc Prange, Estefanía Quiñones Meléndez, Jule Radtke, Karim Ramage, Jens Reimann, Lionel Renault, Klaus Reus, Ashford Reyes, Joachim Ribbe, Maximilian Ringel, Markus Ritschel, Cesar B. Rocha, Nicolas Rochetin, Johannes Röttenbacher, Callum Rollo, Haley Royer, Pauline Sadoulet, Leo Saffin, Sanola Sandiford, Irina Sandu, Michael Schäfer, Vera Schemann, Imke Schirmacher, Oliver Schlenczek, Jerome Schmidt, Marcel Schröder, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Andrea Sealy, Christoph J. Senff, Ilya Serikov, Samkeyat Shohan, Elizabeth Siddle, Alexander Smirnov, Florian Späth, Branden Spooner, M. Katharina Stolla, Wojciech Szkółka, Simon P. de Szoeke, Stéphane Tarot, Eleni Tetoni, Elizabeth Thompson, Jim Thomson, Lorenzo Tomassini, Julien Totems, Alma Anna Ubele, Leonie Villiger, Jan von Arx, Thomas Wagner, Andi Walther, Ben Webber, Manfred Wendisch, Shanice Whitehall, Anton Wiltshire, Allison A. Wing, Martin Wirth, Jonathan Wiskandt, Kevin Wolf, Ludwig Worbes, Ethan Wright, Volker Wulfmeyer, Shanea Young, Chidong Zhang, Dongxiao Zhang, Florian Ziemen, Tobias Zinner, and Martin Zöger
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4067–4119, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4067-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4067-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The EUREC4A field campaign, designed to test hypothesized mechanisms by which clouds respond to warming and benchmark next-generation Earth-system models, is presented. EUREC4A comprised roughly 5 weeks of measurements in the downstream winter trades of the North Atlantic – eastward and southeastward of Barbados. It was the first campaign that attempted to characterize the full range of processes and scales influencing trade wind clouds.
Thomas Schwitalla, Hans-Stefan Bauer, Kirsten Warrach-Sagi, Thomas Bönisch, and Volker Wulfmeyer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4575–4597, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4575-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4575-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A prototype of an air quality forecasting system (AQFS) on a turbulence-permitting (TP) horizontal resolution of 50 m is developed. AQFS is based on the WRF-Chem model and uses high-resolution emission data from different pollution sources. A simulation case study of a typical winter day in south Germany serves as a test bed. Results indicate that the complex topography plays an important role for the horizontal and vertical pollution distribution over the Stuttgart metropolitan area.
Oliver Branch, Thomas Schwitalla, Marouane Temimi, Ricardo Fonseca, Narendra Nelli, Michael Weston, Josipa Milovac, and Volker Wulfmeyer
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 1615–1637, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1615-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1615-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Effective numerical weather forecasting is vital in arid regions like the United Arab Emirates where extreme events like heat waves, flash floods, and dust storms are becoming more severe. This study employs a high-resolution simulation with the WRF-NOAHMP model, and the output is compared with seasonal observation data from 50 weather stations. This type of verification is vital to identify model deficiencies and improve forecasting systems for arid regions.
Andreas Behrendt, Volker Wulfmeyer, Christoph Senff, Shravan Kumar Muppa, Florian Späth, Diego Lange, Norbert Kalthoff, and Andreas Wieser
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 3221–3233, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3221-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3221-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In order to understand how solar radiation energy hitting the ground is distributed into the atmosphere, we use a new combination of laser-based remote-sensing techniques to quantify these energy fluxes up to heights of more than 1 km above ground. Before, similar techniques had already been presented for determining the energy flux component regarding the exchange of humidity but not the warm air itself. Now, we show that this can also be measured by remote sensing with low uncertainties.
Thomas Schwitalla, Kirsten Warrach-Sagi, Volker Wulfmeyer, and Michael Resch
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 1959–1974, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-1959-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-1959-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Performing seasonal simulations on horizontal grid resolutions of a few kilometres over the entire globe remains challenging. We demonstrate the added value of simulating large-scale patterns and feedbacks at 3 km resolution compared to a coarser-resolution forecast using the WRF numerical weather model on a latitude-belt domain. Results show an improvement of cloud coverage in the tropics, better representation of teleconnection, and improvements of precipitation patterns in different regions.
Edouard L. Davin, Diana Rechid, Marcus Breil, Rita M. Cardoso, Erika Coppola, Peter Hoffmann, Lisa L. Jach, Eleni Katragkou, Nathalie de Noblet-Ducoudré, Kai Radtke, Mario Raffa, Pedro M. M. Soares, Giannis Sofiadis, Susanna Strada, Gustav Strandberg, Merja H. Tölle, Kirsten Warrach-Sagi, and Volker Wulfmeyer
Earth Syst. Dynam., 11, 183–200, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-183-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-183-2020, 2020
Katharina Bülow, Heike Huebener, Klaus Keuler, Christoph Menz, Susanne Pfeifer, Hans Ramthun, Arne Spekat, Christian Steger, Claas Teichmann, and Kirsten Warrach-Sagi
Adv. Sci. Res., 16, 241–249, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-16-241-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-16-241-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In the German regional climate modeling project ReKliEs-De changes in temperature and precipitation indices are calculated from a multi model ensemble for the end of the 21st century. The results for the mitigation scenario RCP2.6 are compared to the results of the “business as usual” scenario RCP8.5. The increase of mean annual temperature and of the number of summer days will be around 3 times higher and in summer, the increase of dry days could be twice as high in RCP8.5 compared to RCP2.6.
Youssef Wehbe, Marouane Temimi, Michael Weston, Naira Chaouch, Oliver Branch, Thomas Schwitalla, Volker Wulfmeyer, Xiwu Zhan, Jicheng Liu, and Abdulla Al Mandous
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1129–1149, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1129-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1129-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The work addresses the need for reliable precipitation forecasts in hyper-arid environments through state-of-the-art hydro-meteorological modeling. Accounting for land–atmosphere interactions in the applied model is shown to improve the accuracy of precipitation output. The chain of events controlling the soil moisture–precipitation feedback are diagnosed and verified by in situ observations and satellite data.
Maik Renner, Claire Brenner, Kaniska Mallick, Hans-Dieter Wizemann, Luigi Conte, Ivonne Trebs, Jianhui Wei, Volker Wulfmeyer, Karsten Schulz, and Axel Kleidon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 515–535, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-515-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-515-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We estimate the phase lag of surface states and heat fluxes to incoming solar radiation at the sub-daily timescale. While evapotranspiration reveals a minor phase lag, the vapor pressure deficit used as input by Penman–Monteith approaches shows a large phase lag. The surface-to-air temperature gradient used by energy balance residual approaches shows a small phase shift in agreement with the sensible heat flux and thus explains the better correlation of these models at the sub-daily timescale.
Takuya Kawabata, Thomas Schwitalla, Ahoro Adachi, Hans-Stefan Bauer, Volker Wulfmeyer, Nobuhiro Nagumo, and Hiroshi Yamauchi
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 2493–2501, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2493-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2493-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We implemented two observational operators for dual polarimetric radars in two variational data assimilation systems: WRF Var and NHM-4DVAR. The operators consist of a space interpolator and two types of variable converters. The first variable converter emulates polarimetric parameters with model prognostic variables, and the second derives rainwater content from the observed polarimetric parameter. The system worked properly in verification and assimilation tests.
Armin Geisinger, Andreas Behrendt, Volker Wulfmeyer, Jens Strohbach, Jochen Förstner, and Roland Potthast
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 4705–4726, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4705-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4705-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
A new backscatter lidar forward operator for an aerosol-chemistry-transport model is presented which allows for a quantitative comparison of model output and backscatter lidar measurements from existing networks with unprecedented detail. By applying the forward operator, aerosol distribution model simulations of the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption could be compared both quantitatively and qualitatively to measurements of the automated ceilometer lidar network in Germany.
Luis Samaniego, Rohini Kumar, Stephan Thober, Oldrich Rakovec, Matthias Zink, Niko Wanders, Stephanie Eisner, Hannes Müller Schmied, Edwin H. Sutanudjaja, Kirsten Warrach-Sagi, and Sabine Attinger
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 4323–4346, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4323-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4323-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We inspect the state-of-the-art of several land surface (LSMs) and hydrologic models (HMs) and show that most do not have consistent and realistic parameter fields for land surface geophysical properties. We propose to use the multiscale parameter regionalization (MPR) technique to solve, at least partly, the scaling problem in LSMs/HMs. A general model protocol is presented to describe how MPR can be applied to a specific model.
Heike Huebener, Peter Hoffmann, Klaus Keuler, Susanne Pfeifer, Hans Ramthun, Arne Spekat, Christian Steger, and Kirsten Warrach-Sagi
Adv. Sci. Res., 14, 261–269, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-14-261-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-14-261-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
There is still a large gap between climate research results and their use in climate impact research and policy advisory. One of the many approaches taken to reduce this gap was a midterm user workshop of the German project ReKliEs-De. The users were asked to guide the further project work towards their needs. Conclusions from the workshop included the need for more
plain textguidance on climate model strengths and weaknesses as well as more research on climate impact system functioning.
Thomas Schwitalla, Hans-Stefan Bauer, Volker Wulfmeyer, and Kirsten Warrach-Sagi
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 2031–2055, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2031-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2031-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Due to computational constraints, extended-range forecasts on the convection-permitting (CP) scale are often performed using a limited-area model. To overcome disturbances by lateral boundary conditions, a CP latitude belt simulation in the Northern Hemisphere was performed for July and August 2013. This approach allows for the study of resolution and parameterization impacts. The results demonstrate an improved representation of the general circulation and precipitation patterns.
Andreas Macke, Patric Seifert, Holger Baars, Christian Barthlott, Christoph Beekmans, Andreas Behrendt, Birger Bohn, Matthias Brueck, Johannes Bühl, Susanne Crewell, Thomas Damian, Hartwig Deneke, Sebastian Düsing, Andreas Foth, Paolo Di Girolamo, Eva Hammann, Rieke Heinze, Anne Hirsikko, John Kalisch, Norbert Kalthoff, Stefan Kinne, Martin Kohler, Ulrich Löhnert, Bomidi Lakshmi Madhavan, Vera Maurer, Shravan Kumar Muppa, Jan Schween, Ilya Serikov, Holger Siebert, Clemens Simmer, Florian Späth, Sandra Steinke, Katja Träumner, Silke Trömel, Birgit Wehner, Andreas Wieser, Volker Wulfmeyer, and Xinxin Xie
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 4887–4914, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4887-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4887-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This article provides an overview of the instrumental setup and the main results obtained during the two HD(CP)2 Observational Prototype Experiments HOPE-Jülich and HOPE-Melpitz conducted in Germany in April–May and Sept 2013, respectively. Goal of the field experiments was to provide high-resolution observational datasets for both, improving the understaning of boundary layer and cloud processes, as well as for the evaluation of the new ICON model that is run at 156 m horizontal resolution.
Paolo Di Girolamo, Marco Cacciani, Donato Summa, Andrea Scoccione, Benedetto De Rosa, Andreas Behrendt, and Volker Wulfmeyer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 745–767, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-745-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-745-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reports what we believe are the first measurements throughout the atmospheric convective boundary layer of higher-order moments (up to the fourth) of the turbulent fluctuations of water vapour mixing ratio and temperature performed by a single lidar system, i.e. the Raman lidar system BASIL. These measurements, in combination with measurements from other lidar systems, are fundamental to verify and possibly improve turbulence parametrisation in weather and climate models.
Armin Geisinger, Andreas Behrendt, Volker Wulfmeyer, Jens Strohbach, Jochen Förstner, Roland Potthast, and Ina Mattis
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2016-609, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2016-609, 2016
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Hereby, we present a new backscatter lidar forward operator which allows for a quantitative comparison of atmospheric chemistry models and backscatter lidar measurements. We applied the operator on model predictions of the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption where the model obviously overestimated the ash concentration. Uncertainties of the operator were minimized by applying averaging algorithms and performing sensitivity studies. Further steps towards quantitative model validation were identified.
Florian Späth, Andreas Behrendt, Shravan Kumar Muppa, Simon Metzendorf, Andrea Riede, and Volker Wulfmeyer
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 1701–1720, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-1701-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-1701-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The scanning differential absorption lidar (DIAL) of the University of Hohenheim measures water vapor with high temporal and spatial resolutions. In this paper, DIAL measurements of three different scan modes are presented which allow for new insights into the three-dimensional water vapor structure in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). A new method to determine the noise level of scanning measurements was developed, showing uncertainties of < 7 % within the ABL.
A. Behrendt, V. Wulfmeyer, E. Hammann, S. K. Muppa, and S. Pal
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5485–5500, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5485-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5485-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The exchange of energy between the Earth surface and the atmosphere is governed by turbulent processes which form the convective boundary layer (CBL) in daytime. The representation of the CBL in atmospheric models is critical, e.g., for the simulation of clouds and precipitation. We show that a new active remote-sensing technique, rotational Raman lidar, characterizes the turbulent temperature fluctuations in the CBL better than previous techniques and discuss the statistics of a typical case.
E. Hammann, A. Behrendt, F. Le Mounier, and V. Wulfmeyer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2867–2881, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2867-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2867-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements and upgrades of the rotational Raman lidar of the University of Hohenheim during the HD(CP)2 Observational Prototype Experiment are presented in this paper. This includes 25h long time series of temperature gradients and water vapor mixing ratio. Through simulation, optimum wavelengths for high- and low-background cases were identified and tested successfully. Low-elevation measurements were performed to measure temperature gradients at altitudes around 100m above ground level.
E. Zehe, U. Ehret, L. Pfister, T. Blume, B. Schröder, M. Westhoff, C. Jackisch, S. J. Schymanski, M. Weiler, K. Schulz, N. Allroggen, J. Tronicke, L. van Schaik, P. Dietrich, U. Scherer, J. Eccard, V. Wulfmeyer, and A. Kleidon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 4635–4655, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4635-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4635-2014, 2014
F. Späth, A. Behrendt, S. K. Muppa, S. Metzendorf, A. Riede, and V. Wulfmeyer
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-29057-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-29057-2014, 2014
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
Short summary
Short summary
The scanning differential absorption lidar (DIAL) of the University of Hohenheim is presented.
We show the design of the instrument and illustrate its performance with recent water vapor measurements taken in Stuttgart-Hohenheim and in the frame of HOPE. Scanning measurements reveal the 3-dimensional structures of the water vapor field.
The influence of uncertainties within the calculation of the absorption cross-section at wavelengths around 818 nm for the WV retrieval is discussed.
S. Kotlarski, K. Keuler, O. B. Christensen, A. Colette, M. Déqué, A. Gobiet, K. Goergen, D. Jacob, D. Lüthi, E. van Meijgaard, G. Nikulin, C. Schär, C. Teichmann, R. Vautard, K. Warrach-Sagi, and V. Wulfmeyer
Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 1297–1333, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1297-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1297-2014, 2014
O. Branch, K. Warrach-Sagi, V. Wulfmeyer, and S. Cohen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1761–1783, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1761-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1761-2014, 2014
K. Becker, V. Wulfmeyer, T. Berger, J. Gebel, and W. Münch
Earth Syst. Dynam., 4, 237–251, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-4-237-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-4-237-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Topics: Atmosphere | Interactions: Land/atmosphere interactions | Methods: Earth system and climate modeling
Impact of groundwater representation on heat events in regional climate simulations over Europe
Liubov Poshyvailo-Strube, Niklas Wagner, Klaus Goergen, Carina Furusho-Percot, Carl Hartick, and Stefan Kollet
Earth Syst. Dynam., 15, 167–189, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-15-167-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-15-167-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Groundwater (GW) representation is simplified in most regional climate models. Here, we introduce a unique Terrestrial Systems Modeling Platform (TSMP) dataset with an explicit representation of GW, in the context of dynamical downscaling of GCMs for climate change studies. We compare the heat events statistics of TSMP and the CORDEX ensemble. Our results show that TSMP systematically simulates fewer heat waves, and they are shorter and less intense.
Cited articles
Abdulrahman, S. A.: Water shortage in GCC countries: transferring water from Iraqi Kurdistan Region, Int. J. Environ. Stud., 77, 191–207, https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2019.1690335, 2020.
Al Azhar, M., Temimi, M., Zhao, J., and Ghedira, H.: Modeling of circulation in the Arabian Gulf and the Sea of Oman: Skill assessment and seasonal thermohaline structure, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 121, 1700–1720, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011038, 2016.
Albannay, S., Kazama, S., Oguma, K., Hashimoto, T., and Takizawa, S.: Water demand management based on water consumption data analysis in the Emirate Of Abu Dhabi, Water, 13, 2827, https://doi.org/10.3390/w13202827, 2021.
Albergel, C., de Rosnay, P., Balsamo, G., Isaksen, L., and Muñoz-Sabater, J.: Soil Moisture Analyses at ECMWF: Evaluation Using Global Ground-Based In Situ Observations, J. Hydrometeorol., 13, 1442–1460, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-11-0107.1, 2012.
Al Hosari, T., Al Mandous, A., Wehbe, Y., Shalaby, A., al Shamsi, N., al Naqbi, H., al Yazeedi, O., al Mazroui, A., and Farrah, S.: The UAE Cloud Seeding Program: A Statistical and Physical Evaluation, Atmosphere, 12, 1013, https://doi.org/10.3390/ATMOS12081013, 2021.
Ancell, B. C., Bogusz, A., Lauridsen, M. J., and Nauert, C. J.: Seeding Chaos: The Dire Consequences of Numerical Noise in NWP Perturbation Experiments, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 99, 615–628, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0129.1, 2018.
Balsamo, G., Beljaars, A., Scipal, K., Viterbo, P., van den Hurk, B., Hirschi, M., and Betts, A. K.: A Revised Hydrology for the ECMWF Model: Verification from Field Site to Terrestrial Water Storage and Impact in the Integrated Forecast System, J. Hydrometeorol., 10, 623–643, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JHM1068.1, 2009.
Bauer, H.-S., Schwitalla, T., Wulfmeyer, V., Bakhshaii, A., Ehret, U., Neuper, M., and Caumont, O.: Quantitative precipitation estimation based on high-resolution numerical weather prediction and data assimilation with WRF – a performance test, Tellus A, 67, 25047, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v67.25047, 2015.
Bauer, H. S., Muppa, S. K., Wulfmeyer, V., Behrendt, A., Warrach-Sagi, K., and Späth, F.: Multi-nested WRF simulations for studying planetary boundary layer processes on the turbulence-permitting scale in a realistic mesoscale environment, Tellus A, 72, 1–28, https://doi.org/10.1080/16000870.2020.1761740, 2020.
Bauer, H.-S., Späth, F., Lange, D., Thundathil, R., Ingwersen, J., Behrendt, A., and Wulfmeyer, V.: Evolution of the convective boundary layer in a WRF simulation nested down to 100 m resolution during a cloud-free case of LAFE 2017 and comparison to observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 128, e2022JD037212, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037212, 2023.
Becker, K., Wulfmeyer, V., Berger, T., Gebel, J., and Münch, W.: Carbon farming in hot, dry coastal areas: an option for climate change mitigation, Earth Syst. Dynam., 4, 237–251, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-4-237-2013, 2013.
Black, J. F., and Tarmy, B. L.: The Use of Asphalt Coatings to Increase Rainfall, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 2, 557–564, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1963)002, 1963.
Böer, B.: An introduction to the climate of the United Arab Emirates, J. Arid Env., Academic Press, https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.1996.0162, 1997.
Branch, O., Warrach-Sagi, K., Wulfmeyer, V., and Cohen, S.: Simulation of semi-arid biomass plantations and irrigation using the WRF-NOAH model – a comparison with observations from Israel, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1761–1783, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1761-2014, 2014.
Branch, O., Behrendt, A., Gong, Z., Schwitalla, T., and Wulfmeyer, V.: Convection Initiation over the Eastern Arabian Peninsula, Meteorol. Z., 29, 67–77, https://doi.org/10.1127/METZ/2019/0997, 2020.
Branch, O., Schwitalla, T., Temimi, M., Fonseca, R., Nelli, N., Weston, M., Milovac, J., and Wulfmeyer, V.: Seasonal and diurnal performance of daily forecasts with WRF V3.8.1 over the United Arab Emirates, Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 1615–1637, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1615-2021, 2021.
Branch, O. and Wulfmeyer, V.: Deliberate enhancement of rainfall using desert plantations, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 116, 18841–18847, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1904754116, 2019.
Carrer, D., Pique, G., Ferlicoq, M., Ceamanos, X., and Ceschia, E.: What is the potential of cropland albedo management in the fight against global warming? A case study based on the use of cover crops, Environ. Res. Lett., 13, 044030, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/AAB650, 2018.
Cenedese, A. and Monti, P.: Interaction between an inland urban heat island and a sea-breeze flow: A laboratory study, J. Appl. Meteorol., 42, 1569–1583, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2003)042<1569:IBAIUH>2.0.CO;2, 2003
Chrysoulakis, N., Grimmond, S., Feigenwinter, C., Lindberg, F., Gastellu-Etchegorry, J. P., Marconcini, M., Mitraka, Z., Stagakis, S., Crawford, B., Olofson, F., Landier, L., Morrison, W., and Parlow, E.: Urban energy exchanges monitoring from space, Sci. Rep., 8, 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29873-x, 2018.
Condron, A.: Towing icebergs to arid regions to reduce water scarcity, Sci. Rep., 13, 365, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-26952-y, 2020.
Donlon, C. J., Martin, M., Stark, J., Roberts-Jones, J., Fiedler, E., and Wimmer, W.: The Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis (OSTIA) system, Remote Sens. Environ., 116, 140–158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2010.10.017, 2012.
Doughty, C. E., Field, C. B., Mcmillan, A. M. S., Doughty, C. E., Field, C. B., and Mcmillan, A. M. S.: Can crop albedo be increased through the modification of leaf trichomes, and could this cool regional climate? A letter, Climatic Change, 104, 379–387, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-010-9936-0, 2011.
Eager, R. E., Raman, S., Wootten, A., Westphal, D. L., Reid, J. S., and Al Mandoos, A.: A climatological study of the sea and land breezes in the Arabian Gulf region, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009710, 2008.
Fan, Y., Li, Y., Wang, X., and Catalano, F.: A new convective velocity scale for studying diurnal urban heat island circulation, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 55, 2151–2164, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-16-0099.1, 2016.
Fonseca, R., Temimi, M., Thota, M. S., Nelli, N. R., Weston, M. J., Suzuki, K., Uchida, J., Kondapalli, N. K., Branch, O., Wehbe, Y., Al Hosari, T., Al Shamsi, N., and Shalaby, A.: On the analysis of the performance of WRF and nicam in a hyperarid environment, Weather Forecast., 35, 891–919, https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-19-0210.1. 2020.
Fonseca, R., Francis, D., Nelli, N., Farrah, S., Wehbe, Y., Al Hosari, T., and Al Mazroui, A.: Assessment of the WRF Model as a Guidance Tool Into Cloud Seeding Operations in the United Arab Emirates, Earth Space Sci., 9, 891–919, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EA002269, 2022.
Frei, C., Christensen, J. H., Déqué, M., Jacob, D., Jones, R. G., and Vidale, P. L.: Daily precipitation statistics in regional climate models: Evaluation and intercomparison for the European Alps, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 4124, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002287, 2003.
Freitas, E. D., Rozoff, C. M., Cotton, W. R., and Silva Dias, P. L.: Interactions of an urban heat island and sea-breeze circulations during winter over the metropolitan area of São Paulo, Brazil, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 122, 43–65, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-006-9091-3, 2007.
Gerken, T., Ruddell, B. L., Yu, R., Stoy, P. C., and Drewry, D. T.: Robust observations of land-to-atmosphere feedbacks using the information flows of FLUXNET, Npj Clim. Atmos. Sci., 2, 37, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-019-0094-4, 2019.
Han, J. Y. and Baik, J. J.: A theoretical and numerical study of urban heat island-induced circulation and convection, J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 1859–1877, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JAS2326.1, 2008.
Hidalgo, J., Masson, V., and Gimeno, L.: Scaling the daytime urban heat island and urban-breeze circulation, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 49, 889–901, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JAMC2195.1, 2010.
Iacono, M. J., Delamere, J. S., Mlawer, E. J., Shephard, M. W., Clough, S. A., and Collins, W. D.: Radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases: Calculations with the AER radiative transfer models, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009944, 2008.
Jach, L., Warrach-Sagi, K., Ingwersen, J., Kaas, E., and Wulfmeyer, V.: Land Cover Impacts on Land-Atmosphere Coupling Strength in Climate Simulations with WRF Over Europe, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125, e2019JD031989, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD031989, 2020.
Jie Lu, Arya, S. P., Snyder, W. H., and Lawson, R. E. J.: A laboratory study of the urban heat island in a calm and stably stratified environment, Part I: temperature field, J. Appl. Meteorol., 36, 1377–1391, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1997)036<1377:alsotu>2.0.co;2, 1997.
Kala, J. and Hirsch, A. L.: Could crop albedo modification reduce regional warming over Australia?, Weather Clim. Extrem., 30, 100282, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WACE.2020.100282, 2020.
Kala, J., Hirsch, A. L., Ziehn, T., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S. E., De Kauwe, M. G., and Pitman, A.: Assessing the potential for crop albedo enhancement in reducing heatwave frequency, duration, and intensity under future climate change, Weather Clim. Extrem., 35, 100415, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WACE.2022.100415, 2022.
Kawabata, T., Schwitalla, T., Adachi, A., Bauer, H.-S., Wulfmeyer, V., Nagumo, N., and Yamauchi, H.: Observational operators for dual polarimetric radars in variational data assimilation systems (PolRad VAR v1.0), Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 2493–2501, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2493-2018, 2018.
Latham, J., Kleypas, J., Hauser, R., Parkes, B., and Gadian, A.: Can marine cloud brightening reduce coral bleaching?, Atmos. Sci. Lett., 14, 214–219, https://doi.org/10.1002/asl2.442, 2013.
Latham, J., Gadian, A., Fournier, J., Parkes, B., Wadhams, P., and Chen, J.: Marine cloud brightening: regional applications, Philos. Trans. A, 372, 20140053, https://doi.org/10.1098/RSTA.2014.0053, 2014.
Lee, R. L. and Olfe, D. B.: Numerical calculations of temperature profiles over an urban heat island, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 7, 39–52, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00224971, 1974.
Lee, T. R. and De Wekker, S. F. J.: Estimating daytime planetary boundary layer heights over a valley from rawinsonde observations at a nearby airport: An application to the page valley in Virginia, United States, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 55, 791–809, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0300.1, 2016.
Lee, T. W., Lee, J. Y., and Wang, Z. H.: Scaling of the urban heat island intensity using time-dependent energy balance, Urb. Clim., 2, 16–24, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.UCLIM.2012.10.005, 2012.
Li, Y., Kalnay, E., Motesharrei, S., Rivas, J., Kucharski, F., Kirk-Davidoff, D., Bach, E., and Zeng, N.: Climate model shows large-scale wind and solar farms in the Sahara increase rain and vegetation, Science, 361, 1019–1022, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar5629, 2018.
Lu, Z., Zhang, Q., Miller, P. A., Zhang, Q., Berntell, E., and Smith, B.: Impacts of Large-Scale Sahara Solar Farms on Global Climate and Vegetation Cover, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2020GL090789, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL090789, 2021.
Mlawer, E. J., Taubman, S. J., Brown, P. D., Iacono, M. J., and Clough, S. A.: Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmospheres: RRTM, a validated correlated-k model for the longwave, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 102, 16663–16682, https://doi.org/10.1029/97jd00237, 1997.
Morrison, H. and Gettelman, A.: A new two-moment bulk stratiform cloud microphysics scheme in the community atmosphere model, version 3 (CAM3), Part I: Description and numerical tests, J. Clim., 21, 3642–3659, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2105.1, 2008.
Mostamandi, S., Predybaylo, E., Osipov, S., Zolina, O., Gulev, S., Parajuli, S., and Stenchikov, G.: Sea Breeze Geoengineering to Increase Rainfall over the Arabian Red Sea Coastal Plains, J. Hydrometeorol., 23, 3–24, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-20-0266.1, 2022.
Nakanishi, M. and Niino, H.: An improved Mellor-Yamada Level-3 model: Its numerical stability and application to a regional prediction of advection fog, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 119, 397–407, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-005-9030-8, 2006.
NCAR: NCAR Command Language (NCL) V 6.6.2 software (2019) [software], Boulder, Colorado, UCAR/NCAR/CISL/TDD, https://doi.org/10.5065/D6WD3XH5, 2022.
Nelli, N. R., Temimi, M., Fonseca, R. M., Weston, M. J., Thota, M. S., Valappil, V. K., Branch, O., Wulfmeyer, V., Wehbe, Y., al Hosary, T., Shalaby, A., al Shamsi, N., and al Naqbi, H.: Impact of Roughness Length on WRF Simulated Land-Atmosphere Interactions Over a Hyper-Arid Region, Earth Space Sci., 7, e2020EA001165, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EA001165, 2020.
Nemet, G. F.: Net radiative forcing from widespread deployment of photovoltaics, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 2173–2178, https://doi.org/10.1021/es801747c, 2009.
Niu, G. Y., Yang, Z. L., Mitchell, K. E., Chen, F., Ek, M. B., Barlage, M., Kumar, A., Manning, K., Niyogi, D., Rosero, E., Tewari, M., and Xia, Y.: The community Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (Noah-MP): 1. Model description and evaluation with local-scale measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, 1–19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015139, 2011.
Offerle, B., Grimmond, C. S. B., and Fortuniak, K.: Heat Storage and Anthropogenic Heat Flux in Relation to the Energy Balance of a Central European City Centre, Int. J. Climatol., 25, 1405–1419, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1198, 2005.
Powers, J. G., Klemp, J. B., Skamarock, W. C., Davis, C. A., Dudhia, J., Gill, D. O., Coen, J. L., Gochis, D. J., Ahmadov, R., Grell, G. A., Michalakes, J., Trahan, S., Benjamin, S. G., Alexander, C. R., Dimego, G. J., Wang, W., Schwartz, C. S., Romine, G. S., Liu, Z., Snyder, C., Chen, F., Barlage, M., Yu, W., and Duda, M. G.: The weather research and forecasting model: Overview, system efforts, and future directions, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 98, 1717–1737, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00308.1, 2017.
Protogeropoulos, C. and Zachariou, A.: Photovoltaic module laboratory reflectivity measurements and comparison analysis with other reflecting surfaces, 25th European PV Solar Energy Conference, 355–358, https://doi.org/10.4229/25THEUPVSEC2010-1DV.2.16, 2010.
Quaas, J., Quaas, M. F., Boucher, O., and Rickels, W.: Regional climate engineering by radiation management: Prerequisites and prospects, Earth's Future, 4, 618–625, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016EF000440, 2016.
Ridgwell, A., Singarayer, J. S., Hetherington, A. M., and Valdes, P. J.: Tackling Regional Climate Change By Leaf Albedo Bio-geoengineering, Curr. Biol., 19, 146–150, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.12.025, 2009.
Saaroni, H., Bitan, A., Dor, E. Ben, and Feller, N.: The mixed results concerning the “oasis effect” in a rural settlement in the Negev Desert, Israel, J. Arid Environ., 58, 235–248, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2003.08.010, 2004.
Salamanca, F., Zhang, Y., Barlage, M., Chen, F., Mahalov, A., and Miao, S.: Evaluation of the WRF-Urban Modeling System Coupled to Noah and Noah-MP Land Surface Models Over a Semiarid Urban Environment, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 2387–2408, https://doi.org/10.1002/2018JD028377, 2018.
Santanello, J. A., Dirmeyer, P. A., Ferguson, C. R., Findell, K. L., Tawfik, A. B., Berg, A., Ek, M., Gentine, P., Guillod, B. P., van Heerwaarden, C., Roundy, J., and Wulfmeyer, V.: Land–Atmosphere Interactions: The LoCo Perspective, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 99, 1253–1272, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0001.1, 2018.
Schwitalla, T. and Wulfmeyer, V.: Radar data assimilation experiments using the IPM WRF Rapid Update Cycle, Meteorol. Z., 23, 79–102, https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2014/0513, 2014.
Schwitalla, T., Branch, O., and Wulfmeyer, V.: Sensitivity study of the planetary boundary layer and microphysical schemes to the initialization of convection over the Arabian Peninsula, Q. J. Royal Meteorol. Soc., 146, 846–869, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3711, 2020.
Sefelnasr, A., Ebraheem, A. A., Faiz, M. A., Shi, X., Alghafli, K., Baig, F., al Rashad, M., Alshamsi, D., Ahamed, M. D., and Sherif, M.: Enhancement of Groundwater Recharge from Wadi Al Bih Dam, UAE, Water, 14, 3448, https://doi.org/10.3390/W14213448, 2022.
Seidel, D. J., Zhang, Y., Beljaars, A., Golaz, J.-C., Jacobson, A. R., and Medeiros, B.: Climatology of the planetary boundary layer over the continental United States and Europe, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, 17106, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD018143, 2012.
Seneviratne, S. I., Phipps, S. J., Pitman, A. J., Hirsch, A. L., Davin, E. L., Donat, M. G., Hirschi, M., Lenton, A., Wilhelm, M., and Kravitz, B.: Land radiative management as contributor to regional-scale climate adaptation and mitigation, Nat. Geosci., 11, 88–96, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-017-0057-5, 2018.
Sherif, M., Sefelnasr, A., Al Rashed, M., Alshamsi, D., Zaidi, F. K., Alghafli, K., Baig, F., al-Turbak, A., Alfaifi, H., Loni, O. A., Ahamed, M. B., and Ebraheem, A. A.: A Review of Managed Aquifer Recharge Potential in the Middle East and North Africa Region with Examples from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, Water, 15, 742, https://doi.org/10.3390/W15040742, 2023.
Sherif, M., Mohamed, M., Kacimov, A., and Shetty, A.: Assessment of groundwater quality in the northeastern coastal area of UAE as precursor for desalination, Desalination, 273, 436–446, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.DESAL.2011.01.069, 2011.
Sherif, M. and Kacimov, A.: Seawater intrusion in the coastal aquifer of Wadi Ham, UAE, IAHS-AISH Publication, 312, 315–325, 2007.
Sieber, P., Böhme, S., Ericsson, N., and Hansson, P. A.: Albedo on cropland: Field-scale effects of current agricultural practices in Northern Europe, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 321, 108978, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2022.108978, 2022.
Skamarock, W. C., Klemp, J. B., Dudhia, J., Gill, D. O., Liu, Z., Berner, J., Wang, W., Powers, J. G., Duda, M. G., Barker, D., and Huang, X.-Y.: A Description of the Advanced Research WRF Model Version 4.3 (No. NCAR/TN-556+STR), NSF [code], https://doi.org/10.5065/1dfh-6p97, 2021.
Soltani, A. and Sharifi, E.: Daily variation of urban heat island effect and its correlations to urban greenery: A case study of Adelaide, Front. Archit. Res., 6, 529–538, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2017.08.001, 2017.
Stewart, I. D., Krayenhoff, E. S., Voogt, J. A., Lachapelle, J. A., Allen, M. A., and Broadbent, A. M.: Time Evolution of the Surface Urban Heat Island, Earth's Future, 9, e2021EF002178, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EF002178, 2021.
Taha, H.: The potential for air-temperature impact from large-scale deployment of solar photovoltaic arrays in urban areas, Sol. Energy, 91, 358–367, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2012.09.014, 2013.
Taraphdar, S., Pauluis, O. M., Xue, L., Liu, C., Rasmussen, R., Ajayamohan, R. S., Tessendorf, S., Jing, X., Chen, S., and Grabowski, W.: WRF Gray-Zone Simulations of Precipitation Over the Middle-East and the UAE: Impacts of Physical Parameterizations and Resolution, J. .Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126, 1–23, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD034648, 2021.
Tawfik, A. B., Dirmeyer, P. A., and Santanello, J. A.: The heated condensation framework, Part I: Description and southern great plains case study, J. Hydrometeorol., 16, 1929–1945, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-14-0117.1, 2015a.
Tawfik, A. B., Dirmeyer, P. A., and Santanello, J. A.: The heated condensation framework. Part II: Climatological behavior of convective initiation and land-atmosphere coupling over the conterminous United States, J. Hydrometeorol., 16, 1946–1961, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-14-0118.1, 2015b.
Temimi, M., Fonseca, R., Nelli, N., Weston, M., Thota, M., Valappil, V., Branch, O., Wizemann, H. D., Kondapalli, N. K., Wehbe, Y., Hosary, T. Al, Shalaby, A., Shamsi, N. Al, and Naqbi, H. Al.: Assessing the impact of changes in land surface conditions on wrf predictions in arid regions, J. Hydrometeorol., 21, 2829–2853, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-20-0083.1, 2020.
Theocharous, E., Jensen, B., Gibbs, D., Chunnilall, Mole, R., C. J., Ahmed, N., Reveles, J. R., Harris, O. B., and Ahmed, N.: The partial space qualification of a vertically aligned carbon nanotube coating on aluminium substrates for EO applications, Opt. Express, 22, 7290–7307, https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.22.007290, 2014.
Tollefson, J.: Can artificially altered clouds save the Great Barrier Reef?, Nature, 596, 476–478, https://doi.org/10.1038/D41586-021-02290-3, 2021.
Valappil, V. K., Temimi, M., Weston, M., Fonseca, R., Nelli, N. R., Thota, M., and Kumar, K. N.: Assessing Bias Correction Methods in Support of Operational Weather Forecast in Arid Environment, Asia-Pacific, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 333–347, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13143-019-00139-4, 2020.
Vogel, J. and Afshari, A.: Comparison of urban heat island intensity estimation methods using urbanized WRF in Berlin, Germany, Atmosphere, 11, 1338, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11121338, 2020.
Voogt, J. A. and Oke, T. R.: Thermal remote sensing of urban climates, Remote Sens. Environ., 86, 370–384, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0034-4257(03)00079-8, 2003.
Wehbe, Y., Temimi, M., Weston, M., Chaouch, N., Branch, O., Schwitalla, T., Wulfmeyer, V., Zhan, X., Liu, J., and Al Mandous, A.: Analysis of an extreme weather event in a hyper-arid region using WRF-Hydro coupling, station, and satellite data, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1129–1149, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1129-2019, 2019.
Wulfmeyer, V., Branch, O., Warrach-Sagi, K., Bauer, H. S., Schwitalla, T., and Becker, K.: The impact of plantations on weather and climate in coastal desert regions, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 53, 1143–1169, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0208.1, 2014.
Yagoub, M. M., AlSumaiti, T. S., Ebrahim, L., Ahmed, Y., and Abdulla, R.: Pattern of Water Use at the United Arab Emirates University, Water, 11, 2652, https://doi.org/10.3390/W11122652, 2019.
Zhang, N. and Wang, Y.: Mechanisms for the isolated convections triggered by the sea breeze front and the urban heat Island, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 133, 1143–1157, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-021-00800-6, 2021.
Zhang, X., Friedl, M. A., Schaaf, C. B., and Strahler, A. H.: Climate Controls on Vegetation Phenological Patterns in Northern Mid and High Latitudes Inferred from MODIS Data, Glob. Change Biol., 10, 1133–1145, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00784.x, 2004.
Short summary
In the United Arab Emirates, water scarcity is reaching a crisis point, and new methods for obtaining freshwater are urgently needed. Regional climate engineering with large artificial heat islands can enhance desert precipitation by increasing cloud development. Through model simulation, we show that heat islands of 20 × 20 km or larger can potentially produce enough annual rainfall to supply thousands of people. Thus, artificial heat islands should be made a high priority for further research.
In the United Arab Emirates, water scarcity is reaching a crisis point, and new methods for...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint