Articles | Volume 14, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-1039-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-1039-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
10 Oct 2023
Research article |
| 10 Oct 2023
| 10 Oct 2023
Dynamic savanna burning emission factors based on satellite data using a machine learning approach
Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit
Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Tom Eames
Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit
Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Jeremy Russell-Smith
Darwin Centre for Bushfire Research, Charles Darwin University,
Darwin, 0909 Northern Territory, Australia
International Savanna Fire Management Initiative (ISFMI), Level 4, 346 Kent Street, Sydney, 2000 New South Wales, Australia
Cameron Yates
Darwin Centre for Bushfire Research, Charles Darwin University,
Darwin, 0909 Northern Territory, Australia
International Savanna Fire Management Initiative (ISFMI), Level 4, 346 Kent Street, Sydney, 2000 New South Wales, Australia
Robin Beatty
International Savanna Fire Management Initiative (ISFMI), Level 4, 346 Kent Street, Sydney, 2000 New South Wales, Australia
321 Fire, Praia Do Tofo, Inhambane, 1300, Mozambique
Jay Evans
Darwin Centre for Bushfire Research, Charles Darwin University,
Darwin, 0909 Northern Territory, Australia
International Savanna Fire Management Initiative (ISFMI), Level 4, 346 Kent Street, Sydney, 2000 New South Wales, Australia
Andrew Edwards
Darwin Centre for Bushfire Research, Charles Darwin University,
Darwin, 0909 Northern Territory, Australia
International Savanna Fire Management Initiative (ISFMI), Level 4, 346 Kent Street, Sydney, 2000 New South Wales, Australia
Natasha Ribeiro
Faculty of Agronomy and Forest Engineering, Eduardo Mondlane
University, Maputo, Mozambique
Martin Wooster
Environmental Monitoring and Modelling Research Group, Department of Geography, King's College London, London, UK
National Centre for Earth Observation (NERC), Leicester, UK
Tercia Strydom
South African National Parks (SANParks), Scientific Services, Skukuza, South Africa
Marcos Vinicius Giongo
Center for Environmental Monitoring and Fire Management (CEMAF), Federal
University of Tocantins, Gurupi, Brazil
Marco Assis Borges
Chico Mendes institute for Conservation of Biodiversity (ICMBio), Rio
da Conceição, Brazil
Máximo Menezes Costa
Chico Mendes institute for Conservation of Biodiversity (ICMBio), Rio
da Conceição, Brazil
Ana Carolina Sena Barradas
Chico Mendes institute for Conservation of Biodiversity (ICMBio), Rio
da Conceição, Brazil
Dave van Wees
Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit
Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Guido R. Van der Werf
Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit
Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Cited
23 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The newly developed Multi-ensemble Biomass-burning Emissions Inventory (MBEI): characterizing and unraveling spatiotemporal uncertainty in global biomass burning emissions X. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-1203-2026
- Enhanced CH4 emissions from global wildfires likely due to undetected small fires J. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56218-w
- Radiative forcing due to shifting southern African fire regimes T. Eames et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17429-2025
- Seasonal litter decomposition and accumulation in north Australian savanna C. Yates et al. https://doi.org/10.1071/WF24053
- Assessment of Fire Dynamics in the Amazon Basin Through Satellite Data H. Barbosa et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16020228
- Fire weather severity in southern Africa is increasing faster and more extensively in the late than in the early dry season S. Catarino et al. https://doi.org/10.1071/WF24002
- Can the remote sensing of combustion phase improve estimates of landscape fire smoke emission rate and composition? F. Owsley-Brown et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6247-2024
- Fire emission abatement potential by shifting fire regimes in global savannas: a reassessment using the fifth version of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED5) R. Vernooij et al. https://doi.org/10.1071/WF25246
- Burned area trends in Niassa Special Reserve, Mozambique, are mostly driven by late dry season fires and weakly dependent on climate C. Dias et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2026.101982
- Incentivising savanna fire management for emissions reduction, biodiversity conservation and community livelihood outcomes J. Russell-Smith et al. https://doi.org/10.1071/WF26039
- Savanna ecosystem structure and productivity along a rainfall gradient: the role of competition and stress tolerance mediated by plant functional traits P. Paudel et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-6153-2025
- Framework for a savanna burning emissions abatement methodology applicable to fire-prone miombo woodlands in southern Africa J. Russell-Smith et al. https://doi.org/10.1071/WF23193
- A bottom–up savanna fire fuel consumption inventory and its application to savanna burning in Kafue National Park, Zambia T. Eames et al. https://doi.org/10.1071/WF24121
- Small fires, big gap: High-resolution VIIRS data reveal widespread underestimation of emissions in sub-Saharan Africa B. Ouattara et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomat.2025.100069
- Brown carbon emissions from laboratory combustion of Eurasian arctic-boreal and South African savanna biomass A. Mukherjee et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16747-2025
- Landscape fire emissions from the 5th version of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED5) G. van der Werf et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06127-w
- Biomass burning emission estimation in the MODIS era: State-of-the-art and future directions M. Parrington et al. https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2024.00089
- Assessing the Impact of Amazonian Fires on Atmospheric NO2 Using Satellite Data H. Barbosa & C. Buriti https://doi.org/10.3390/land14030482
- Viability and desirability of financing conservation in Africa through fire management T. Knowles et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-024-01490-9
- How Do Emission Factors Contribute to the Uncertainty in Biomass Burning Emissions in the Amazon and Cerrado? G. Mataveli et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16040423
- Review article: Fire emissions in the Brazilian Cerrado – dynamics, estimates, management, and their role in the global carbon budget R. da Veiga et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-3581-2025
- Representing extreme fires and their radiative effects in a global climate model via variable scaling of emissions E. Quaye et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-6629-2026
- When less burning does not mean cleaner air: Decoupling of burned area, fire-related PM2.5 emissions, and population exposure in West Africa B. Ouattara et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2026.101424
23 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The newly developed Multi-ensemble Biomass-burning Emissions Inventory (MBEI): characterizing and unraveling spatiotemporal uncertainty in global biomass burning emissions X. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-1203-2026
- Enhanced CH4 emissions from global wildfires likely due to undetected small fires J. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56218-w
- Radiative forcing due to shifting southern African fire regimes T. Eames et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17429-2025
- Seasonal litter decomposition and accumulation in north Australian savanna C. Yates et al. https://doi.org/10.1071/WF24053
- Assessment of Fire Dynamics in the Amazon Basin Through Satellite Data H. Barbosa et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16020228
- Fire weather severity in southern Africa is increasing faster and more extensively in the late than in the early dry season S. Catarino et al. https://doi.org/10.1071/WF24002
- Can the remote sensing of combustion phase improve estimates of landscape fire smoke emission rate and composition? F. Owsley-Brown et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6247-2024
- Fire emission abatement potential by shifting fire regimes in global savannas: a reassessment using the fifth version of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED5) R. Vernooij et al. https://doi.org/10.1071/WF25246
- Burned area trends in Niassa Special Reserve, Mozambique, are mostly driven by late dry season fires and weakly dependent on climate C. Dias et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2026.101982
- Incentivising savanna fire management for emissions reduction, biodiversity conservation and community livelihood outcomes J. Russell-Smith et al. https://doi.org/10.1071/WF26039
- Savanna ecosystem structure and productivity along a rainfall gradient: the role of competition and stress tolerance mediated by plant functional traits P. Paudel et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-6153-2025
- Framework for a savanna burning emissions abatement methodology applicable to fire-prone miombo woodlands in southern Africa J. Russell-Smith et al. https://doi.org/10.1071/WF23193
- A bottom–up savanna fire fuel consumption inventory and its application to savanna burning in Kafue National Park, Zambia T. Eames et al. https://doi.org/10.1071/WF24121
- Small fires, big gap: High-resolution VIIRS data reveal widespread underestimation of emissions in sub-Saharan Africa B. Ouattara et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomat.2025.100069
- Brown carbon emissions from laboratory combustion of Eurasian arctic-boreal and South African savanna biomass A. Mukherjee et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16747-2025
- Landscape fire emissions from the 5th version of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED5) G. van der Werf et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06127-w
- Biomass burning emission estimation in the MODIS era: State-of-the-art and future directions M. Parrington et al. https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2024.00089
- Assessing the Impact of Amazonian Fires on Atmospheric NO2 Using Satellite Data H. Barbosa & C. Buriti https://doi.org/10.3390/land14030482
- Viability and desirability of financing conservation in Africa through fire management T. Knowles et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-024-01490-9
- How Do Emission Factors Contribute to the Uncertainty in Biomass Burning Emissions in the Amazon and Cerrado? G. Mataveli et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16040423
- Review article: Fire emissions in the Brazilian Cerrado – dynamics, estimates, management, and their role in the global carbon budget R. da Veiga et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-3581-2025
- Representing extreme fires and their radiative effects in a global climate model via variable scaling of emissions E. Quaye et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-6629-2026
- When less burning does not mean cleaner air: Decoupling of burned area, fire-related PM2.5 emissions, and population exposure in West Africa B. Ouattara et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2026.101424
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 09 Jun 2026
Short summary
Savannas account for over half of global landscape fire emissions. Although environmental and fuel conditions affect the ratio of species the fire emits, these dynamics have not been implemented in global models. We measured CO2, CO, CH4, and N2O emission factors (EFs), fuel parameters, and fire severity proxies during 129 individual fires. We identified EF patterns and trained models to estimate EFs of these species based on satellite observations, reducing the estimation error by 60–85 %.
Savannas account for over half of global landscape fire emissions. Although environmental and...
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