Articles | Volume 13, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-373-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-373-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Salinity dynamics of the Baltic Sea
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Kai Myrberg
Finnish Environment Institute/Marine Research Centre Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Marine Research Institute, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania
Piia Post
Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
Irina Chubarenko
Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS, Moscow, Russia
Inga Dailidiene
Faculty of Marine Technology and Natural Sciences, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania
Hans-Harald Hinrichsen
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Karin Hüssy
National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of
Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
Taavi Liblik
Department of Marine Systems, Tallinn University of Technology,
Tallinn, Estonia
H. E. Markus Meier
Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Rostock,
Germany
Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping,
Sweden
Urmas Lips
Department of Marine Systems, Tallinn University of Technology,
Tallinn, Estonia
Tatiana Bukanova
Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS, Moscow, Russia
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Cited
109 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Into the wild: coupling otolith and archival tag records to test assumptions underpinning otolith chemistry applications in wild fish K. Hüssy et al.
- Diverse Transcriptome Responses to Salinity Change in Atlantic Cod Subpopulations M. Małachowicz et al.
- Increase in marginal sea alkalinity may impact air–sea carbon dioxide exchange and buffer acidification L. Cotovicz et al.
- Projection of Changes in Coastal Water Temperature of the Baltic Sea up to 2100 M. Ptak et al.
- Major Baltic Inflows come in different flavours U. Löptien et al.
- The ecology and fishery of the vendace (Coregonus albula) in the Baltic Sea T. Lehtonen et al.
- Productivity of the eelgrass biotope and the resilience of fisher-hunter-gatherers in prehistoric Denmark J. Meadows & A. Fischer
- Comparative Analysis between Sea Surface Salinity Derived from SMOS Satellite Retrievals and in Situ Measurements H. Wang et al.
- Baltic sea deep salinity: an initial and boundary value problem M. Hieronymus
- Early Arrival of Spring-Spawner Atlantic Herring at Their Spawning Ground in the Kiel Fjord, Western Baltic, Relates to Increasing Sea Water Temperature N. Ory et al.
- Investigating the influence of sub-mesoscale current structures on Baltic Sea connectivity through a Lagrangian analysis S. Hariri et al.
- Decreased surface and bottom salinity and elevated bottom temperature in the Northern Baltic Sea over the past six decades H. Kankaanpää et al.
- Intraspecific Trait Variability of a Diatom and a Dinoflagellate Along a Salinity Gradient I. Orizar & A. Lewandowska
- Analysis of Hydrological and Meteorological Conditions in the Southern Baltic Sea for the Purpose of Using LNG as Bunkering Fuel E. Orysiak et al.
- Climate-induced habitat suitability modelling for pelagic fish in European seas R. Musimwa et al.
- Characterization of river plume dynamics for a better water quality management R. Friedland et al.
- “King of the Riverside”, a multi-proxy approach offers a new perspective on mosasaurs before their extinction M. During et al.
- Response of a semi-enclosed sea to perturbed freshwater and open ocean salinity forcing L. Arneborg et al.
- Spatial trends and β-diversity of tintinnid ciliates along a salinity gradient in a temperate estuary (Río de la Plata, South America) F. Albergoli & V. Alder
- A climate vulnerability assessment of the fish community in the Western Baltic Sea D. Moll et al.
- Watermass architecture of the Ordovician–Silurian Yangtze Sea (South China) and its palaeogeographical implications X. Wang et al.
- Sources and Processing of Dissolved Organic Matter in a Microtidal Subterranean Estuary K. Amoako et al.
- The 2023 Major Baltic Inflow Event Observed by Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) and Nadir Altimetry S. Esselborn et al.
- Combined effect of salinity and temperature on copepod reproduction and oxidative stress in brackish-water environment E. von Weissenberg et al.
- Effects of sea ice on Baltic Sea eutrophication O. Parn et al.
- Does water column stratification influence the vertical distribution of microplastics? K. Gunaalan et al.
- Regional synchrony in weight-at-age variability among pelagic fish stocks linked to competition and hydroclimatic factors S. Smoliński & S. Haase
- Impacts of climate change on water quality, benthic mussels, and suspended mussel culture in a shallow, eutrophic estuary M. Maar et al.
- Modelling and mapping carbon capture potential of farmed blue mussels in the Baltic Sea region A. Vaher et al.
- Low salinity is associated with reduced size and altered shell thickness and shape in the lagoon cockle, Cerastoderma glaucum, in the Baltic Sea B. King et al.
- Water exchange in the Baltic Sea: a historical view of research approaches from basin scales to submesoscale J. Elken & A. Omstedt
- Bioaccumulation as a driver of high MeHg in the North and Baltic Seas D. Amptmeijer et al.
- Long‐term monitoring reveals biomass loss and concurrent dominance changes in coastal zooplankton community T. Stoffers et al.
- Temporal changes in the Bothnian Sea food web reveal a deterioration linked to fishing pressure and recent eutrophication C. Faithfull et al.
- Hybrid desalination system for Baltic Sea water: A preliminary study K. Sztekler et al.
- Interactive responses to temperature and salinity in larvae of the Asian brush-clawed crab Hemigrapsus takanoi: relevance for range expansion into the Baltic Sea, in the context of climate change J. Geißel et al.
- Mesoscale Eddies of the Baltic Sea according to the Physical Reanalysis V. Travkin et al.
- Salinity variation in Carboniferous cyclothemic successions T. Algeo et al.
- Identifying priority areas for conservation to promote connectivity and mitigate the impacts of anthropogenic disturbance E. Sacre et al.
- Identifying phytoplankton pigments from absorption spectra – a regional approach based on data from Case-2 waters I. Rahn et al.
- Effects of seawater concentration on the drying shrinkage of seawater concrete X. Wang et al.
- Adaptive Strategies and Underlying Response Mechanisms of Ciliates to Salinity Change with Note on Fluctuation Properties F. Li et al.
- Anchored Argo profiling float experiments in the southern Baltic Sea: Puck Bay and Hel Peninsula M. Merchel et al.
- First Steps towards a near Real-Time Modelling System of Vibrio vulnificus in the Baltic Sea E. Schütt et al.
- Bottom water masses on the European continental margins R. León et al.
- Global climate change and the Baltic Sea ecosystem: direct and indirect effects on species, communities and ecosystem functioning M. Viitasalo & E. Bonsdorff
- Early arrival of spring‐spawning Atlantic herring Clupea harengus at their spawning ground in the Kiel Fjord, western Baltic, relates to increasing winter seawater temperature N. Ory et al.
- Distribution of denitrifiers predicted by correlative niche modeling of changing environmental conditions and future climatic scenarios across the Baltic Sea M. Abdelgadir et al.
- Phytoplankton community changes in relation to nutrient fluxes along a quasi-stationary front J. Bendtsen et al.
- Deep water of the Gdansk Deep (Baltic Sea): variability of hydrology and dissolved oxygen over recent decades K. Mariia et al.
- sciCUN: A deep learning model for daily sea surface current fields inference—A case study of the Gulf of Riga A. Barzandeh et al.
- Phytoplankton stoichiometry along the salinity gradient under limited nutrient and light supply I. Orizar et al.
- Governance pathway for coastal eutrophication based on regime shifts in diatom–dinoflagellate composition of the Bohai and Baltic Seas K. Chen et al.
- Changes in Seasonality of Saltwater Inflows Caused Exceptional Warming Trends in the Western Baltic Sea L. Barghorn et al.
- Marked recent declines in boron in Baltic Sea cod otoliths – a bellwether of incipient acidification in a vast hypoxic system? K. Limburg et al.
- A 30-year (1992-2021) time-series of Kd(PAR) at the North Sea - Baltic Sea transitional zone - trends in light attenuation and Chlorophyll a L. Lund-Hansen
- Baltic Sea freshwater content U. Raudsepp et al.
- From green to brown: two decades of darkening coastal water in the Gulf of Riga, the Baltic Sea J. Aigars et al.
- Coupled hydrological and hydrodynamic modelling application for climate change impact assessment in the Nemunas river watershed–Curonian Lagoon–southeastern Baltic Sea continuum R. Idzelytė et al.
- Temperature, sediment resuspension, and salinity drive the prevalence of Vibrio vulnificus in the coastal Baltic Sea V. Fernández-Juárez et al.
- Diverging temporal trends and environmental drivers of dominant cyanobacteria in the Gulf of Riga, 1976–2024 I. Liepina-Leimane et al.
- Spatial and seasonal variability of excess dinitrogen gas in the Baltic Sea P. Sivasamy et al.
- Steric Oscillations of the Baltic Sea Level E. Zakharchuk et al.
- Testing the salinity of Cambrian to Silurian epicratonic seas Z. Liu et al.
- Can sporadic records of ocean sunfish (Mola mola) in the western Baltic Sea be linked to saline inflow events? H. Hinrichsen et al.
- Transient glacio-eustatic fall and its climato-environmental effects during the Frasnian-Famennian transition T. Algeo et al.
- Cooperation between the fishery sector and science: CTD probe measurements during fishing catches on the feeding grounds of herring (Culpea harengus) and sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in the south-eastern part of the Baltic Sea P. Pieckiel et al.
- Impact of coastal currents and eddies on particle dispersion in the Baltic Sea: a Lagrangian approach to marine ecosystems S. Hariri et al.
- Multidecadal climate variability dominated past trends in the water balance of the Baltic Sea watershed H. Markus Meier et al.
- Dynamics of Upwelling and Downwelling in a Channel Basin of the Baltic Sea M. Masini et al.
- Low-salinity conditions in the “marine” Late Triassic-Early Jurassic Neuquén Basin of Argentina: Challenges in paleosalinity interpretation M. Remírez et al.
- Variation in sperm performance and mitochondrial metabolism of Mytilus spp. from the North and Baltic Seas under different environmental scenarios H. Kong & I. Sokolova
- Ice nucleating activity of coastal seawater from the entrance to the Baltic Sea E. Kjærgaard et al.
- The sea level simulator v1.0: a model for integration of mean sea level change and sea level extremes into a joint probabilistic framework M. Hieronymus
- Comparative study on microplastic abundance in fish organs from marine and freshwater ecosystems of the southern Baltic Sea region: influence of habitat zone and feeding preferences P. Piskuła & A. Astel
- Submesoscale dynamics in the Baltic Sea – a review U. Lips et al.
- Effects of climate and anthropogenic pressures on chemical warfare agent transfer in the Baltic Sea food web M. Czub et al.
- Time series analysis of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax across Northern European waters K. Moeller et al.
- Well-Being of the Baltic Herring and Bycatch Fish Species from FAO Major Fishing Areas 27 According to Microplastic Pollution P. Piskuła & A. Astel
- Variability of marine heatwaves’ characteristics and assessment of their potential drivers in the Baltic Sea over the last 42 years B. Bashiri et al.
- Ontogeny of horizontal movement patterns of rehabilitated grey seal juveniles (Halichoerus grypus) in the Baltic Sea L. Kuncienė et al.
- Modeling the pathways of microplastics in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea – sensitivity of parametrizations E. Siht et al.
- Environmental drivers affecting the status of top commercial fish stocks in the Baltic Sea: review M. Rosciszewski-Dodgson & G. Cirella
- CONDITIONS FOR THE TRANSITION FROM TWO-LAYER TO THREE-LAYER WATER STRATIFICATION IN THE SOUTHWESTERN PART OF THE BALTIC SEA ON THE EXAMPLE OF 2005 O. Lobchuk et al.
- Large-scale atmospheric circulation and its impact on the Baltic Sea region: controls, predictability and consequences F. Börgel et al.
- Cod otoliths document accelerating climate impacts in the Baltic Sea Y. Heimbrand et al.
- Capillary Flow-Driven, Disposable Device for Dissolved Oxygen Sensing in Water Samples I. Lewińska et al.
- Sustainable Hull maintenance strategies in Baltic Sea region through case studies of RoPax vessels Y. Kim et al.
- Unraveling the population structure of blooming Cyanea capillata jellyfish: insights into connectivity between the Baltic Sea and North Sea S. Majaneva et al.
- The state of the ocean in the northeastern Atlantic and adjacent seas K. von Schuckmann et al.
- Limited ventilation of the central Baltic Sea due to elevated oxygen consumption L. Naumov et al.
- Major Baltic Inflows do not have long-lasting consequences for 20th-century hypoxia in the central Baltic Sea L. Naumov & H. Meier
- Hydrography of intertidal environments in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany J. Schönfeld et al.
- Characteristics and trends of marine heatwaves in the northwest European Shelf and the impacts on density stratification W. Chen & J. Staneva
- First SMOS Sea Surface Salinity dedicated products over the Baltic Sea V. González-Gambau et al.
- Sea surface circulation in the Baltic Sea: decomposed components and pattern recognition A. Barzandeh et al.
- Spatial Composition of the Diahaline Overturning Circulation in a Fjord–Type, Non–Tidal Estuarine System E. Henell et al.
- Convolutional autoencoder latent-space modeling with climate-index–conditioned recurrent networks for assessing subseasonal potential forecast skill of the Baltic Sea heat content A. Hayatijozani et al.
- Hydrodynamic Impacts on the Fate of Polychlorinated Biphenyl 153 in the Marine Environment E. Mikheeva et al.
- A new conceptual framework for assessing the physical state of the Baltic Sea U. Raudsepp et al.
- Overview: The Baltic Earth Assessment Reports (BEAR) H. Meier et al.
- Biofouling intensity in European waters: A compiled dataset and spatial assessment with focus on the Baltic Sea and Northeast Atlantic Y. Kim et al.
- Variability of saltwater flow in the Hoburg Channel, Baltic Sea: in situ measurements vs NEMO modelling V. Paka et al.
- Calibrating elemental salinity proxies in Holocene sedimentary environments M. Remírez et al.
- Evaluation of coupled and uncoupled ocean–ice–atmosphere simulations using icon-2024.07 and NEMOv4.2.0 for the EURO-CORDEX domain V. Maurer et al.
- Satellite-based estimation of phytoplankton functional types in the Baltic Sea using a regionalized algorithm E. Canuti
- Signature of HMR and ABR Genes in Two Distinctive Tropical Estuaries of North-West Coast of India A. Fulke et al.
- Climate change–induced thermal load as a natural form of thermal pollution in semi-enclosed seas V. Kartal et al.
- Variations of temperature, salinity and oxygen of the Baltic Sea for the period 1950 to 2020 V. Stockmayer & A. Lehmann
109 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Into the wild: coupling otolith and archival tag records to test assumptions underpinning otolith chemistry applications in wild fish K. Hüssy et al.
- Diverse Transcriptome Responses to Salinity Change in Atlantic Cod Subpopulations M. Małachowicz et al.
- Increase in marginal sea alkalinity may impact air–sea carbon dioxide exchange and buffer acidification L. Cotovicz et al.
- Projection of Changes in Coastal Water Temperature of the Baltic Sea up to 2100 M. Ptak et al.
- Major Baltic Inflows come in different flavours U. Löptien et al.
- The ecology and fishery of the vendace (Coregonus albula) in the Baltic Sea T. Lehtonen et al.
- Productivity of the eelgrass biotope and the resilience of fisher-hunter-gatherers in prehistoric Denmark J. Meadows & A. Fischer
- Comparative Analysis between Sea Surface Salinity Derived from SMOS Satellite Retrievals and in Situ Measurements H. Wang et al.
- Baltic sea deep salinity: an initial and boundary value problem M. Hieronymus
- Early Arrival of Spring-Spawner Atlantic Herring at Their Spawning Ground in the Kiel Fjord, Western Baltic, Relates to Increasing Sea Water Temperature N. Ory et al.
- Investigating the influence of sub-mesoscale current structures on Baltic Sea connectivity through a Lagrangian analysis S. Hariri et al.
- Decreased surface and bottom salinity and elevated bottom temperature in the Northern Baltic Sea over the past six decades H. Kankaanpää et al.
- Intraspecific Trait Variability of a Diatom and a Dinoflagellate Along a Salinity Gradient I. Orizar & A. Lewandowska
- Analysis of Hydrological and Meteorological Conditions in the Southern Baltic Sea for the Purpose of Using LNG as Bunkering Fuel E. Orysiak et al.
- Climate-induced habitat suitability modelling for pelagic fish in European seas R. Musimwa et al.
- Characterization of river plume dynamics for a better water quality management R. Friedland et al.
- “King of the Riverside”, a multi-proxy approach offers a new perspective on mosasaurs before their extinction M. During et al.
- Response of a semi-enclosed sea to perturbed freshwater and open ocean salinity forcing L. Arneborg et al.
- Spatial trends and β-diversity of tintinnid ciliates along a salinity gradient in a temperate estuary (Río de la Plata, South America) F. Albergoli & V. Alder
- A climate vulnerability assessment of the fish community in the Western Baltic Sea D. Moll et al.
- Watermass architecture of the Ordovician–Silurian Yangtze Sea (South China) and its palaeogeographical implications X. Wang et al.
- Sources and Processing of Dissolved Organic Matter in a Microtidal Subterranean Estuary K. Amoako et al.
- The 2023 Major Baltic Inflow Event Observed by Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) and Nadir Altimetry S. Esselborn et al.
- Combined effect of salinity and temperature on copepod reproduction and oxidative stress in brackish-water environment E. von Weissenberg et al.
- Effects of sea ice on Baltic Sea eutrophication O. Parn et al.
- Does water column stratification influence the vertical distribution of microplastics? K. Gunaalan et al.
- Regional synchrony in weight-at-age variability among pelagic fish stocks linked to competition and hydroclimatic factors S. Smoliński & S. Haase
- Impacts of climate change on water quality, benthic mussels, and suspended mussel culture in a shallow, eutrophic estuary M. Maar et al.
- Modelling and mapping carbon capture potential of farmed blue mussels in the Baltic Sea region A. Vaher et al.
- Low salinity is associated with reduced size and altered shell thickness and shape in the lagoon cockle, Cerastoderma glaucum, in the Baltic Sea B. King et al.
- Water exchange in the Baltic Sea: a historical view of research approaches from basin scales to submesoscale J. Elken & A. Omstedt
- Bioaccumulation as a driver of high MeHg in the North and Baltic Seas D. Amptmeijer et al.
- Long‐term monitoring reveals biomass loss and concurrent dominance changes in coastal zooplankton community T. Stoffers et al.
- Temporal changes in the Bothnian Sea food web reveal a deterioration linked to fishing pressure and recent eutrophication C. Faithfull et al.
- Hybrid desalination system for Baltic Sea water: A preliminary study K. Sztekler et al.
- Interactive responses to temperature and salinity in larvae of the Asian brush-clawed crab Hemigrapsus takanoi: relevance for range expansion into the Baltic Sea, in the context of climate change J. Geißel et al.
- Mesoscale Eddies of the Baltic Sea according to the Physical Reanalysis V. Travkin et al.
- Salinity variation in Carboniferous cyclothemic successions T. Algeo et al.
- Identifying priority areas for conservation to promote connectivity and mitigate the impacts of anthropogenic disturbance E. Sacre et al.
- Identifying phytoplankton pigments from absorption spectra – a regional approach based on data from Case-2 waters I. Rahn et al.
- Effects of seawater concentration on the drying shrinkage of seawater concrete X. Wang et al.
- Adaptive Strategies and Underlying Response Mechanisms of Ciliates to Salinity Change with Note on Fluctuation Properties F. Li et al.
- Anchored Argo profiling float experiments in the southern Baltic Sea: Puck Bay and Hel Peninsula M. Merchel et al.
- First Steps towards a near Real-Time Modelling System of Vibrio vulnificus in the Baltic Sea E. Schütt et al.
- Bottom water masses on the European continental margins R. León et al.
- Global climate change and the Baltic Sea ecosystem: direct and indirect effects on species, communities and ecosystem functioning M. Viitasalo & E. Bonsdorff
- Early arrival of spring‐spawning Atlantic herring Clupea harengus at their spawning ground in the Kiel Fjord, western Baltic, relates to increasing winter seawater temperature N. Ory et al.
- Distribution of denitrifiers predicted by correlative niche modeling of changing environmental conditions and future climatic scenarios across the Baltic Sea M. Abdelgadir et al.
- Phytoplankton community changes in relation to nutrient fluxes along a quasi-stationary front J. Bendtsen et al.
- Deep water of the Gdansk Deep (Baltic Sea): variability of hydrology and dissolved oxygen over recent decades K. Mariia et al.
- sciCUN: A deep learning model for daily sea surface current fields inference—A case study of the Gulf of Riga A. Barzandeh et al.
- Phytoplankton stoichiometry along the salinity gradient under limited nutrient and light supply I. Orizar et al.
- Governance pathway for coastal eutrophication based on regime shifts in diatom–dinoflagellate composition of the Bohai and Baltic Seas K. Chen et al.
- Changes in Seasonality of Saltwater Inflows Caused Exceptional Warming Trends in the Western Baltic Sea L. Barghorn et al.
- Marked recent declines in boron in Baltic Sea cod otoliths – a bellwether of incipient acidification in a vast hypoxic system? K. Limburg et al.
- A 30-year (1992-2021) time-series of Kd(PAR) at the North Sea - Baltic Sea transitional zone - trends in light attenuation and Chlorophyll a L. Lund-Hansen
- Baltic Sea freshwater content U. Raudsepp et al.
- From green to brown: two decades of darkening coastal water in the Gulf of Riga, the Baltic Sea J. Aigars et al.
- Coupled hydrological and hydrodynamic modelling application for climate change impact assessment in the Nemunas river watershed–Curonian Lagoon–southeastern Baltic Sea continuum R. Idzelytė et al.
- Temperature, sediment resuspension, and salinity drive the prevalence of Vibrio vulnificus in the coastal Baltic Sea V. Fernández-Juárez et al.
- Diverging temporal trends and environmental drivers of dominant cyanobacteria in the Gulf of Riga, 1976–2024 I. Liepina-Leimane et al.
- Spatial and seasonal variability of excess dinitrogen gas in the Baltic Sea P. Sivasamy et al.
- Steric Oscillations of the Baltic Sea Level E. Zakharchuk et al.
- Testing the salinity of Cambrian to Silurian epicratonic seas Z. Liu et al.
- Can sporadic records of ocean sunfish (Mola mola) in the western Baltic Sea be linked to saline inflow events? H. Hinrichsen et al.
- Transient glacio-eustatic fall and its climato-environmental effects during the Frasnian-Famennian transition T. Algeo et al.
- Cooperation between the fishery sector and science: CTD probe measurements during fishing catches on the feeding grounds of herring (Culpea harengus) and sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in the south-eastern part of the Baltic Sea P. Pieckiel et al.
- Impact of coastal currents and eddies on particle dispersion in the Baltic Sea: a Lagrangian approach to marine ecosystems S. Hariri et al.
- Multidecadal climate variability dominated past trends in the water balance of the Baltic Sea watershed H. Markus Meier et al.
- Dynamics of Upwelling and Downwelling in a Channel Basin of the Baltic Sea M. Masini et al.
- Low-salinity conditions in the “marine” Late Triassic-Early Jurassic Neuquén Basin of Argentina: Challenges in paleosalinity interpretation M. Remírez et al.
- Variation in sperm performance and mitochondrial metabolism of Mytilus spp. from the North and Baltic Seas under different environmental scenarios H. Kong & I. Sokolova
- Ice nucleating activity of coastal seawater from the entrance to the Baltic Sea E. Kjærgaard et al.
- The sea level simulator v1.0: a model for integration of mean sea level change and sea level extremes into a joint probabilistic framework M. Hieronymus
- Comparative study on microplastic abundance in fish organs from marine and freshwater ecosystems of the southern Baltic Sea region: influence of habitat zone and feeding preferences P. Piskuła & A. Astel
- Submesoscale dynamics in the Baltic Sea – a review U. Lips et al.
- Effects of climate and anthropogenic pressures on chemical warfare agent transfer in the Baltic Sea food web M. Czub et al.
- Time series analysis of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax across Northern European waters K. Moeller et al.
- Well-Being of the Baltic Herring and Bycatch Fish Species from FAO Major Fishing Areas 27 According to Microplastic Pollution P. Piskuła & A. Astel
- Variability of marine heatwaves’ characteristics and assessment of their potential drivers in the Baltic Sea over the last 42 years B. Bashiri et al.
- Ontogeny of horizontal movement patterns of rehabilitated grey seal juveniles (Halichoerus grypus) in the Baltic Sea L. Kuncienė et al.
- Modeling the pathways of microplastics in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea – sensitivity of parametrizations E. Siht et al.
- Environmental drivers affecting the status of top commercial fish stocks in the Baltic Sea: review M. Rosciszewski-Dodgson & G. Cirella
- CONDITIONS FOR THE TRANSITION FROM TWO-LAYER TO THREE-LAYER WATER STRATIFICATION IN THE SOUTHWESTERN PART OF THE BALTIC SEA ON THE EXAMPLE OF 2005 O. Lobchuk et al.
- Large-scale atmospheric circulation and its impact on the Baltic Sea region: controls, predictability and consequences F. Börgel et al.
- Cod otoliths document accelerating climate impacts in the Baltic Sea Y. Heimbrand et al.
- Capillary Flow-Driven, Disposable Device for Dissolved Oxygen Sensing in Water Samples I. Lewińska et al.
- Sustainable Hull maintenance strategies in Baltic Sea region through case studies of RoPax vessels Y. Kim et al.
- Unraveling the population structure of blooming Cyanea capillata jellyfish: insights into connectivity between the Baltic Sea and North Sea S. Majaneva et al.
- The state of the ocean in the northeastern Atlantic and adjacent seas K. von Schuckmann et al.
- Limited ventilation of the central Baltic Sea due to elevated oxygen consumption L. Naumov et al.
- Major Baltic Inflows do not have long-lasting consequences for 20th-century hypoxia in the central Baltic Sea L. Naumov & H. Meier
- Hydrography of intertidal environments in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany J. Schönfeld et al.
- Characteristics and trends of marine heatwaves in the northwest European Shelf and the impacts on density stratification W. Chen & J. Staneva
- First SMOS Sea Surface Salinity dedicated products over the Baltic Sea V. González-Gambau et al.
- Sea surface circulation in the Baltic Sea: decomposed components and pattern recognition A. Barzandeh et al.
- Spatial Composition of the Diahaline Overturning Circulation in a Fjord–Type, Non–Tidal Estuarine System E. Henell et al.
- Convolutional autoencoder latent-space modeling with climate-index–conditioned recurrent networks for assessing subseasonal potential forecast skill of the Baltic Sea heat content A. Hayatijozani et al.
- Hydrodynamic Impacts on the Fate of Polychlorinated Biphenyl 153 in the Marine Environment E. Mikheeva et al.
- A new conceptual framework for assessing the physical state of the Baltic Sea U. Raudsepp et al.
- Overview: The Baltic Earth Assessment Reports (BEAR) H. Meier et al.
- Biofouling intensity in European waters: A compiled dataset and spatial assessment with focus on the Baltic Sea and Northeast Atlantic Y. Kim et al.
- Variability of saltwater flow in the Hoburg Channel, Baltic Sea: in situ measurements vs NEMO modelling V. Paka et al.
- Calibrating elemental salinity proxies in Holocene sedimentary environments M. Remírez et al.
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Latest update: 16 May 2026
Short summary
The salinity in the Baltic Sea is not only an important topic for physical oceanography as such, but it also integrates the complete water and energy cycle. It is a primary external driver controlling ecosystem dynamics of the Baltic Sea. The long-term dynamics are controlled by river runoff, net precipitation, and the water mass exchange between the North Sea and Baltic Sea. On shorter timescales, the ephemeral atmospheric conditions drive a very complex and highly variable salinity regime.
The salinity in the Baltic Sea is not only an important topic for physical oceanography as such,...
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