Articles | Volume 13, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-1-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-1-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Review
| 
03 Jan 2022
Review |
| 03 Jan 2022
| 03 Jan 2022
Human impacts and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region
Marcus Reckermann
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
International Baltic Earth Secretariat, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon,
Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
Anders Omstedt
Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405
30 Gothenburg, Sweden
Tarmo Soomere
Department of Cybernetics, School of Science, Tallinn University of
Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
Juris Aigars
Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Voleru iela 4, 1007, Riga,
Latvia
Naveed Akhtar
Institute of Coastal Systems – Analysis and Modeling,
Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
Magdalena Bełdowska
Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Pilsudskiego 46,
81-378 Gdynia, Poland
Jacek Bełdowski
Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Marine Chemistry
and Biochemistry Department, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot,
Poland
Tom Cronin
DTU Wind Energy Department, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde,
Denmark
Michał Czub
Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Marine Ecology
Department, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
Margit Eero
Technical University of Denmark, National Institute of Aquatic
Resources, Kemitorvet, Building 201, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
Kari Petri Hyytiäinen
Department of Economics and Management, University
of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, 00560
Helsinki, Finland
Anders Kiessling
Department of Animal
Nutrition and Management: Aquaculture, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7024, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
Erik Kjellström
Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Rossby Centre, 601
76 Norrköping, Sweden
Karol Kuliński
Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Marine Chemistry
and Biochemistry Department, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot,
Poland
Xiaoli Guo Larsén
DTU Wind Energy Department, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde,
Denmark
Michelle McCrackin
Baltic Sea Centre, Baltic Nest Institute, Stockholm University, 106
91 Stockholm, Sweden
H. E. Markus Meier
Department of Physical Oceanography and Instrumentation, Leibniz
Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, 18119 Rostock, Germany
Research and Development Department, Swedish Meteorological and
Hydrological Institute, 601 76 Norrköping, Sweden
Sonja Oberbeckmann
Biological Oceanography, Environmental Microbiology,
Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Seestrasse 15, 18119 Rostock,
Germany
Kevin Parnell
Department of Cybernetics, School of Science, Tallinn University of
Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
Cristian Pons-Seres de Brauwer
DTU Wind Energy Department, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde,
Denmark
Anneli Poska
Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund
University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
Department of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate
tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
Jarkko Saarinen
Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, 90014
Oulu, Finland
School of Tourism and Hospitality, University of Johannesburg,
Johannesburg, South Africa
Beata Szymczycha
Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Marine Chemistry
and Biochemistry Department, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot,
Poland
Emma Undeman
Baltic Sea Centre, Baltic Nest Institute, Stockholm University, 106
91 Stockholm, Sweden
Anders Wörman
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
Eduardo Zorita
Institute of Coastal Systems – Analysis and Modeling,
Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
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Latest update: 13 Dec 2024
Short summary
As part of the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports (BEAR), we present an inventory and discussion of different human-induced factors and processes affecting the environment of the Baltic Sea region and their interrelations. Some are naturally occurring and modified by human activities, others are completely human-induced, and they are all interrelated to different degrees. The findings from this study can largely be transferred to other comparable marginal and coastal seas in the world.
As part of the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports (BEAR), we present an inventory and discussion of...
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