Articles | Volume 12, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-121-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-121-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| Highlight paper
| 
02 Feb 2021
Research article | Highlight paper |
| 02 Feb 2021
| 02 Feb 2021
Synchronized spatial shifts of Hadley and Walker circulations
Center for Climate Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Busan
46241, South Korea
Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
Axel Timmermann
Center for Climate Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Busan
46241, South Korea
Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
Malte F. Stuecker
Department of Oceanography and International Pacific Research Center,
School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai`i at
Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Cited
28 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Precipitation over northern South America and the far‐eastern Pacific during ENSO: Phase synchronization at inter‐annual time scales H. Salas et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8443
- Spatial and Statistical Analysis of Climate Change in the Middle East: A Study of Precipitation and Temperature Variability Using NOAA Weather Data and Geostatistical Methods M. Masoudi et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-025-00802-z
- Structure of the Pacific Walker Circulation Depicted by the Reanalysis and CMIP6 E. Eresanya & Y. Guan https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12091219
- Variance of the Equatorial Atmospheric Circulations in the Reanalysis E. Eresanya & Y. Guan https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9121386
- Paleoclimate proxy records suggest reduced tropical Pacific zonal asymmetry under sustained global warming E. Chung et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02039-0
- Analyzing Atmospheric Circulation Patterns Using Mass Fluxes Calculated from Weather Balloon Measurements: North Atlantic Region as a Case Study M. Connolly et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12111439
- Distinct Surface Warming Response Over the Western and Eastern Equatorial Pacific to Radiative Forcing C. Park et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095829
- Do CMIP6 models capture the observed anomalous asymmetric Hadley circulation during historical El Niño decaying stage X. Ji et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-024-07149-7
- Eventos de inundação em anos extremos de Dipolo do Atlântico e La Niña no Arquipélago do Marajó D. Gomes et al. https://doi.org/10.55761/abclima.v35i20.17577
- Impacts of two types of ENSO on tropical cyclone tracks affecting South Korea: A clustering-based approach H. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2025.113824
- Recent Trends in Transport of Surface Carbonaceous Aerosols to the Upper‐Troposphere‐Lower‐Stratosphere Linked to Expansion of the Asian Summer Monsoon Anticyclone W. Lau & K. Kim https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD036460
- Interannual variation of the westward ridge point of the Western Pacific subtropical high in boreal winter S. Gui et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104528
- Late Pleistocene island weathering and precipitation in the Western Pacific Warm Pool Z. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00642-0
- Mid-Pliocene El Niño/Southern Oscillation suppressed by Pacific intertropical convergence zone shift G. Pontes et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-00999-y
- A quantitative explanation for the large impacts of El Niño during its decaying stage X. Ji et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad5e9c
- Distinct Hadley circulation attributable to rapid and slow El Niño decay and its regional impacts X. Ji et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01221-7
- Regionally asymmetric hysteresis of western North Pacific tropical cyclone activity in a CO2 removal experiment H. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adf97a
- Evaluation of CMIP6 models in simulating precipitation during the rainy season over Indochina Peninsula: Ensemble differences and potential causes W. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.108922
- A regime shift in the interhemispheric teleconnection between the Yellow and East China Seas and the southeastern tropical Pacific during the boreal summer Y. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06529-1
- A dynamical geography of observed trends in the global ocean B. Nardelli & D. Iudicone https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adq3532
- Multi-scale ocean dynamical processes in the Indo-Pacific Convergence Zone and their climatic and ecological effects Y. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104313
- ENSO complexity controlled by zonal shifts in the Walker circulation S. Thual & B. Dewitte https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01154-x
- Impactos de fenômenos da interação oceano-atmosfera na hidrometeorologia da bacia hidrográfica do rio Gurupi, Amazônia Oriental D. Gomes & N. Beltrão https://doi.org/10.55761/abclima.v34i20.16900
- Meridional Migration of ENSO Impact on Tropical Atlantic Precipitation Controlled by the Seasonal Cycle F. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096365
- Pacific decadal oscillation and ENSO forcings of northerly low-level jets in South America Y. Mu et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00852-6
- Western North Pacific tropical cyclone activity modulated by phytoplankton feedback under global warming H. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-01976-6
- A Secular Shift of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation and Its Relation to Western Pacific Ocean Warming Y. Huang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095400
- The climate variability trio: stochastic fluctuations, El Niño, and the seasonal cycle M. Stuecker https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-023-00305-7
28 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Precipitation over northern South America and the far‐eastern Pacific during ENSO: Phase synchronization at inter‐annual time scales H. Salas et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8443
- Spatial and Statistical Analysis of Climate Change in the Middle East: A Study of Precipitation and Temperature Variability Using NOAA Weather Data and Geostatistical Methods M. Masoudi et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-025-00802-z
- Structure of the Pacific Walker Circulation Depicted by the Reanalysis and CMIP6 E. Eresanya & Y. Guan https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12091219
- Variance of the Equatorial Atmospheric Circulations in the Reanalysis E. Eresanya & Y. Guan https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9121386
- Paleoclimate proxy records suggest reduced tropical Pacific zonal asymmetry under sustained global warming E. Chung et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02039-0
- Analyzing Atmospheric Circulation Patterns Using Mass Fluxes Calculated from Weather Balloon Measurements: North Atlantic Region as a Case Study M. Connolly et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12111439
- Distinct Surface Warming Response Over the Western and Eastern Equatorial Pacific to Radiative Forcing C. Park et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095829
- Do CMIP6 models capture the observed anomalous asymmetric Hadley circulation during historical El Niño decaying stage X. Ji et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-024-07149-7
- Eventos de inundação em anos extremos de Dipolo do Atlântico e La Niña no Arquipélago do Marajó D. Gomes et al. https://doi.org/10.55761/abclima.v35i20.17577
- Impacts of two types of ENSO on tropical cyclone tracks affecting South Korea: A clustering-based approach H. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2025.113824
- Recent Trends in Transport of Surface Carbonaceous Aerosols to the Upper‐Troposphere‐Lower‐Stratosphere Linked to Expansion of the Asian Summer Monsoon Anticyclone W. Lau & K. Kim https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD036460
- Interannual variation of the westward ridge point of the Western Pacific subtropical high in boreal winter S. Gui et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104528
- Late Pleistocene island weathering and precipitation in the Western Pacific Warm Pool Z. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00642-0
- Mid-Pliocene El Niño/Southern Oscillation suppressed by Pacific intertropical convergence zone shift G. Pontes et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-00999-y
- A quantitative explanation for the large impacts of El Niño during its decaying stage X. Ji et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad5e9c
- Distinct Hadley circulation attributable to rapid and slow El Niño decay and its regional impacts X. Ji et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01221-7
- Regionally asymmetric hysteresis of western North Pacific tropical cyclone activity in a CO2 removal experiment H. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adf97a
- Evaluation of CMIP6 models in simulating precipitation during the rainy season over Indochina Peninsula: Ensemble differences and potential causes W. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.108922
- A regime shift in the interhemispheric teleconnection between the Yellow and East China Seas and the southeastern tropical Pacific during the boreal summer Y. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06529-1
- A dynamical geography of observed trends in the global ocean B. Nardelli & D. Iudicone https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adq3532
- Multi-scale ocean dynamical processes in the Indo-Pacific Convergence Zone and their climatic and ecological effects Y. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104313
- ENSO complexity controlled by zonal shifts in the Walker circulation S. Thual & B. Dewitte https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01154-x
- Impactos de fenômenos da interação oceano-atmosfera na hidrometeorologia da bacia hidrográfica do rio Gurupi, Amazônia Oriental D. Gomes & N. Beltrão https://doi.org/10.55761/abclima.v34i20.16900
- Meridional Migration of ENSO Impact on Tropical Atlantic Precipitation Controlled by the Seasonal Cycle F. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096365
- Pacific decadal oscillation and ENSO forcings of northerly low-level jets in South America Y. Mu et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00852-6
- Western North Pacific tropical cyclone activity modulated by phytoplankton feedback under global warming H. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-01976-6
- A Secular Shift of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation and Its Relation to Western Pacific Ocean Warming Y. Huang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095400
- The climate variability trio: stochastic fluctuations, El Niño, and the seasonal cycle M. Stuecker https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-023-00305-7
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 09 Jun 2026
Short summary
Changes in the Hadley and Walker cells cause major climate disruptions across our planet. What has been overlooked so far is the question of whether these two circulations can shift their positions in a synchronized manner. We here show the synchronized spatial shifts between Walker and Hadley cells and further highlight a novel aspect of how tropical sea surface temperature anomalies can couple these two circulations. The re-positioning has important implications for extratropical rainfall.
Changes in the Hadley and Walker cells cause major climate disruptions across our planet. What...
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