Articles | Volume 9, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-339-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-339-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
06 Apr 2018
Research article |
| 06 Apr 2018
| 06 Apr 2018
Assessing carbon dioxide removal through global and regional ocean alkalinization under high and low emission pathways
Andrew Lenton
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Australia
Antarctic
Climate and Ecosystems Co-operative Research Centre, Hobart, Australia
Richard J. Matear
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Australia
David P. Keller
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
Vivian Scott
School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Naomi E. Vaughan
Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental
Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
Viewed
Total article views: 6,605 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4,632 | 1,783 | 190 | 6,605 | 150 | 171 |
- HTML: 4,632
- PDF: 1,783
- XML: 190
- Total: 6,605
- BibTeX: 150
- EndNote: 171
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 01 Nov 2017)
Total article views: 5,806 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 06 Apr 2018)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4,144 | 1,493 | 169 | 5,806 | 142 | 153 |
- HTML: 4,144
- PDF: 1,493
- XML: 169
- Total: 5,806
- BibTeX: 142
- EndNote: 153
Total article views: 799 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 01 Nov 2017)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 488 | 290 | 21 | 799 | 8 | 18 |
- HTML: 488
- PDF: 290
- XML: 21
- Total: 799
- BibTeX: 8
- EndNote: 18
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 6,605 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 6,242 with geography defined
and 363 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 5,806 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 5,443 with geography defined
and 363 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 799 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 799 with geography defined
and 0 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States of America | 1 | 2480 | 37 |
| Germany | 2 | 740 | 11 |
| China | 3 | 608 | 9 |
| United Kingdom | 4 | 298 | 4 |
| Australia | 5 | 248 | 3 |
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States of America | 1 | 2063 | 35 |
| Germany | 2 | 613 | 10 |
| China | 3 | 579 | 9 |
| United Kingdom | 4 | 271 | 4 |
| Australia | 5 | 194 | 3 |
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States of America | 1 | 417 | 52 |
| Germany | 2 | 127 | 15 |
| Australia | 3 | 54 | 6 |
| China | 4 | 29 | 3 |
| United Kingdom | 5 | 27 | 3 |
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
- 2480
1
2480
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
- 2063
1
2063
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
- 417
1
417
Cited
43 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Enhanced Rates of Regional Warming and Ocean Acidification After Termination of Large‐Scale Ocean Alkalinization M. González et al. 10.1029/2018GL077847
- Use of aircraft in ocean alkalinity enhancement E. Gentile et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153484
- Potential risks of CO2 removal project based on carbonate pump to marine ecosystem L. Duan et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160728
- Considerations for hypothetical carbon dioxide removal via alkalinity addition in the Amazon River watershed L. Mu et al. 10.5194/bg-20-1963-2023
- An assessment of land-based climate and carbon reversibility in the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator T. Ziehn et al. 10.1007/s11027-019-09905-1
- Ocean-Based Carbon Dioxide Removal: A New Frontier in the Blue Economy A. Gagern et al. 10.4031/MTSJ.56.1.15
- Sustainable scale-up of negative emissions technologies and practices: where to focus S. Cobo et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/acacb3
- Earth system responses to carbon dioxide removal as exemplified by ocean alkalinity enhancement: tradeoffs and lags A. Jeltsch-Thömmes et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad4401
- Feedbacks of CaCO3 dissolution effect on ocean carbon sink and seawater acidification: a model study H. Zhang et al. 10.1088/2515-7620/aca9ac
- Calcium isotope ratios of malformed foraminifera reveal biocalcification stress preceded Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 G. Kitch et al. 10.1038/s43247-022-00641-0
- Technical note: Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Pelagic Impact Intercomparison Project (OAEPIIP) L. Bach et al. 10.5194/bg-21-3665-2024
- On the emission-path dependency of the efficiency of ocean alkalinity enhancement J. Schwinger et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad5a27
- Reversibility of the Hydrological Response in East Asia from CO2-Derived Climate Change Based on CMIP6 Simulation M. Sun et al. 10.3390/atmos12010072
- Prey dynamics as a buffer: enhancing copepod resilience to ocean alkalinity enhancement A. Bhaumik et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/adaa8c
- Assessing the impact of CO2-equilibrated ocean alkalinity enhancement on microbial metabolic rates in an oligotrophic system L. Marín-Samper et al. 10.5194/bg-21-2859-2024
- Towards Responsible and Informed Ocean-Based Carbon Dioxide Removal: Research and Governance Priorities K. Lebling et al. 10.46830/wrirpt.21.00090
- CO2 capture by pumping surface acidity to the deep ocean M. Tyka et al. 10.1039/D1EE01532J
- The Sensitivity of the Marine Carbonate System to Regional Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement D. Burt et al. 10.3389/fclim.2021.624075
- Contrasting carbon dioxide removal potential and nutrient feedbacks of simulated ocean alkalinity enhancement and macroalgae afforestation L. Kwiatkowski et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad08f9
- Influence of ocean alkalinity enhancement with olivine or steel slag on a coastal plankton community in Tasmania J. Guo et al. 10.5194/bg-21-2335-2024
- The Availability of Limestone and Other Raw Materials for Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement S. Caserini et al. 10.1029/2021GB007246
- Investigating the effect of nickel concentration on phytoplankton growth to assess potential side-effects of ocean alkalinity enhancement J. Guo et al. 10.5194/bg-19-3683-2022
- pCO2 decrement through alkalinity enhancement and biological production in a shallow-water ecosystem constructed using steelmaking slag W. Nakamura et al. 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106223
- Anthropogenic CO2 of High Emission Scenario Compensated After 3500 Years of Ocean Alkalinization With an Annually Constant Dissolution of 5 Pg of Olivine P. Köhler 10.3389/fclim.2020.575744
- Alkalinity biases in CMIP6 Earth system models and implications for simulated CO2 drawdown via artificial alkalinity enhancement C. Hinrichs et al. 10.5194/bg-20-3717-2023
- Efficiency metrics for ocean alkalinity enhancements under responsive and prescribed atmospheric pCO2 conditions M. Tyka 10.5194/bg-22-341-2025
- Marine carbon dioxide removal by alkalinization should no longer be overlooked K. Kowalczyk et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad5192
- Controls on Physical and Chemical Denudation in a Mixed Carbonate‐Siliciclastic Orogen E. Erlanger et al. 10.1029/2021JF006064
- Seeking natural analogs to fast-forward the assessment of marine CO 2 removal L. Bach & P. Boyd 10.1073/pnas.2106147118
- Implementation of marine CO2 removal for climate mitigation: The challenges of additionality, predictability, and governability L. Bach et al. 10.1525/elementa.2023.00034
- Ocean alkalinity enhancement using sodium carbonate salts does not lead to measurable changes in Fe dynamics in a mesocosm experiment D. González-Santana et al. 10.5194/bg-21-2705-2024
- Stability of alkalinity in ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) approaches – consequences for durability of CO2 storage J. Hartmann et al. 10.5194/bg-20-781-2023
- Reversing ocean acidification along the Great Barrier Reef using alkalinity injection M. Mongin et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ac002d
- Ocean alkalinity enhancement – avoiding runaway CaCO3 precipitation during quick and hydrated lime dissolution C. Moras et al. 10.5194/bg-19-3537-2022
- The representation of alkalinity and the carbonate pump from CMIP5 to CMIP6 Earth system models and implications for the carbon cycle A. Planchat et al. 10.5194/bg-20-1195-2023
- A Limited Habitable Zone for Complex Life E. Schwieterman et al. 10.3847/1538-4357/ab1d52
- Potential of Maritime Transport for Ocean Liming and Atmospheric CO2 Removal S. Caserini et al. 10.3389/fclim.2021.575900
- Current understanding and challenges for oceans in a higher-CO2 world C. Hurd et al. 10.1038/s41558-018-0211-0
- CO2 Removal With Enhanced Weathering and Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement: Potential Risks and Co-benefits for Marine Pelagic Ecosystems L. Bach et al. 10.3389/fclim.2019.00007
- Alkalinization Scenarios in the Mediterranean Sea for Efficient Removal of Atmospheric CO2 and the Mitigation of Ocean Acidification M. Butenschön et al. 10.3389/fclim.2021.614537
- Hugging the Shore: Tackling Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal as a Local Governance Problem J. Lezaun 10.3389/fclim.2021.684063
- Comparison of the carbon cycle and climate response to artificial ocean alkalinization and solar radiation modification X. Jin & L. Cao 10.1016/j.accre.2023.03.002
- The Effects of Carbon Dioxide Removal on the Carbon Cycle D. Keller et al. 10.1007/s40641-018-0104-3
42 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Enhanced Rates of Regional Warming and Ocean Acidification After Termination of Large‐Scale Ocean Alkalinization M. González et al. 10.1029/2018GL077847
- Use of aircraft in ocean alkalinity enhancement E. Gentile et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153484
- Potential risks of CO2 removal project based on carbonate pump to marine ecosystem L. Duan et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160728
- Considerations for hypothetical carbon dioxide removal via alkalinity addition in the Amazon River watershed L. Mu et al. 10.5194/bg-20-1963-2023
- An assessment of land-based climate and carbon reversibility in the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator T. Ziehn et al. 10.1007/s11027-019-09905-1
- Ocean-Based Carbon Dioxide Removal: A New Frontier in the Blue Economy A. Gagern et al. 10.4031/MTSJ.56.1.15
- Sustainable scale-up of negative emissions technologies and practices: where to focus S. Cobo et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/acacb3
- Earth system responses to carbon dioxide removal as exemplified by ocean alkalinity enhancement: tradeoffs and lags A. Jeltsch-Thömmes et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad4401
- Feedbacks of CaCO3 dissolution effect on ocean carbon sink and seawater acidification: a model study H. Zhang et al. 10.1088/2515-7620/aca9ac
- Calcium isotope ratios of malformed foraminifera reveal biocalcification stress preceded Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 G. Kitch et al. 10.1038/s43247-022-00641-0
- Technical note: Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Pelagic Impact Intercomparison Project (OAEPIIP) L. Bach et al. 10.5194/bg-21-3665-2024
- On the emission-path dependency of the efficiency of ocean alkalinity enhancement J. Schwinger et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad5a27
- Reversibility of the Hydrological Response in East Asia from CO2-Derived Climate Change Based on CMIP6 Simulation M. Sun et al. 10.3390/atmos12010072
- Prey dynamics as a buffer: enhancing copepod resilience to ocean alkalinity enhancement A. Bhaumik et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/adaa8c
- Assessing the impact of CO2-equilibrated ocean alkalinity enhancement on microbial metabolic rates in an oligotrophic system L. Marín-Samper et al. 10.5194/bg-21-2859-2024
- Towards Responsible and Informed Ocean-Based Carbon Dioxide Removal: Research and Governance Priorities K. Lebling et al. 10.46830/wrirpt.21.00090
- CO2 capture by pumping surface acidity to the deep ocean M. Tyka et al. 10.1039/D1EE01532J
- The Sensitivity of the Marine Carbonate System to Regional Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement D. Burt et al. 10.3389/fclim.2021.624075
- Contrasting carbon dioxide removal potential and nutrient feedbacks of simulated ocean alkalinity enhancement and macroalgae afforestation L. Kwiatkowski et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad08f9
- Influence of ocean alkalinity enhancement with olivine or steel slag on a coastal plankton community in Tasmania J. Guo et al. 10.5194/bg-21-2335-2024
- The Availability of Limestone and Other Raw Materials for Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement S. Caserini et al. 10.1029/2021GB007246
- Investigating the effect of nickel concentration on phytoplankton growth to assess potential side-effects of ocean alkalinity enhancement J. Guo et al. 10.5194/bg-19-3683-2022
- pCO2 decrement through alkalinity enhancement and biological production in a shallow-water ecosystem constructed using steelmaking slag W. Nakamura et al. 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106223
- Anthropogenic CO2 of High Emission Scenario Compensated After 3500 Years of Ocean Alkalinization With an Annually Constant Dissolution of 5 Pg of Olivine P. Köhler 10.3389/fclim.2020.575744
- Alkalinity biases in CMIP6 Earth system models and implications for simulated CO2 drawdown via artificial alkalinity enhancement C. Hinrichs et al. 10.5194/bg-20-3717-2023
- Efficiency metrics for ocean alkalinity enhancements under responsive and prescribed atmospheric pCO2 conditions M. Tyka 10.5194/bg-22-341-2025
- Marine carbon dioxide removal by alkalinization should no longer be overlooked K. Kowalczyk et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad5192
- Controls on Physical and Chemical Denudation in a Mixed Carbonate‐Siliciclastic Orogen E. Erlanger et al. 10.1029/2021JF006064
- Seeking natural analogs to fast-forward the assessment of marine CO 2 removal L. Bach & P. Boyd 10.1073/pnas.2106147118
- Implementation of marine CO2 removal for climate mitigation: The challenges of additionality, predictability, and governability L. Bach et al. 10.1525/elementa.2023.00034
- Ocean alkalinity enhancement using sodium carbonate salts does not lead to measurable changes in Fe dynamics in a mesocosm experiment D. González-Santana et al. 10.5194/bg-21-2705-2024
- Stability of alkalinity in ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) approaches – consequences for durability of CO2 storage J. Hartmann et al. 10.5194/bg-20-781-2023
- Reversing ocean acidification along the Great Barrier Reef using alkalinity injection M. Mongin et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ac002d
- Ocean alkalinity enhancement – avoiding runaway CaCO3 precipitation during quick and hydrated lime dissolution C. Moras et al. 10.5194/bg-19-3537-2022
- The representation of alkalinity and the carbonate pump from CMIP5 to CMIP6 Earth system models and implications for the carbon cycle A. Planchat et al. 10.5194/bg-20-1195-2023
- A Limited Habitable Zone for Complex Life E. Schwieterman et al. 10.3847/1538-4357/ab1d52
- Potential of Maritime Transport for Ocean Liming and Atmospheric CO2 Removal S. Caserini et al. 10.3389/fclim.2021.575900
- Current understanding and challenges for oceans in a higher-CO2 world C. Hurd et al. 10.1038/s41558-018-0211-0
- CO2 Removal With Enhanced Weathering and Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement: Potential Risks and Co-benefits for Marine Pelagic Ecosystems L. Bach et al. 10.3389/fclim.2019.00007
- Alkalinization Scenarios in the Mediterranean Sea for Efficient Removal of Atmospheric CO2 and the Mitigation of Ocean Acidification M. Butenschön et al. 10.3389/fclim.2021.614537
- Hugging the Shore: Tackling Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal as a Local Governance Problem J. Lezaun 10.3389/fclim.2021.684063
- Comparison of the carbon cycle and climate response to artificial ocean alkalinization and solar radiation modification X. Jin & L. Cao 10.1016/j.accre.2023.03.002
1 citations as recorded by crossref.
Latest update: 27 Mar 2025
Short summary
Artificial ocean alkalinization (AOA) is capable of reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and surface warming while also addressing ocean acidification. We simulate the Earth system response to a fixed addition of AOA under low and high emissions. We explore the regional and global response to AOA. A key finding is that AOA is much more effective at reducing warming and ocean acidification under low emissions, despite lower carbon uptake.
Artificial ocean alkalinization (AOA) is capable of reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint
Similar articles
The deployment length of solar radiation...
Baur et al.
Northern-high-latitude permafrost and...
Chen et al.
Exploration of a novel geoengineering...
Gao et al.