Farmers' perceptions of and adaptation strategies to climate change and their determinants: the case of Punjab province, Pakistan

Abid, M.; Scheffran, J.; Schneider, U. A.; Ashfaq, M.

doi:10.5194/esd-6-225-2015

Articles | Volume 6, issue 1

https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-225-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Special issue:

Climate Change and Environmental Pressure: Adaptation and...

https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-225-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 6, issue 1

Research article

|

11 May 2015

Research article |

| 11 May 2015

Farmers' perceptions of and adaptation strategies to climate change and their determinants: the case of Punjab province, Pakistan

M. Abid, J. Scheffran, U. A. Schneider, and M. Ashfaq

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Views and downloads (calculated since 17 Oct 2014)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Oct 2014	30	45	3	78
Nov 2014	54	44	0	98
Dec 2014	11	36	1	48
Jan 2015	25	25	4	54
Feb 2015	5	14	3	22
Mar 2015	5	18	14	37
Apr 2015	13	20	34	67
May 2015	102	78	6	186
Jun 2015	80	45	2	127
Jul 2015	63	47	2	112
Aug 2015	35	42	1	78
Sep 2015	27	31	2	60
Oct 2015	36	31	3	70
Nov 2015	37	22	2	61
Dec 2015	19	24	3	46
Jan 2016	26	33	0	59
Feb 2016	25	30	0	55
Mar 2016	17	13	1	31
Apr 2016	17	31	0	48
May 2016	14	24	3	41
Jun 2016	10	16	1	27
Jul 2016	20	18	2	40
Aug 2016	12	14	0	26
Sep 2016	12	31	0	43
Oct 2016	24	28	1	53
Nov 2016	11	27	0	38
Dec 2016	6	19	1	26
Jan 2017	26	25	1	52
Feb 2017	21	19	0	40
Mar 2017	39	56	1	96
Apr 2017	35	75	0	110
May 2017	41	51	2	94
Jun 2017	40	42	0	82
Jul 2017	23	41	4	68
Aug 2017	15	41	3	59
Sep 2017	22	46	1	69
Oct 2017	18	88	2	108
Nov 2017	29	97	3	129
Dec 2017	17	60	3	80
Jan 2018	13	87	2	102
Feb 2018	19	69	3	91
Mar 2018	27	70	5	102
Apr 2018	19	71	2	92
May 2018	27	74	1	102
Jun 2018	18	65	0	83
Jul 2018	13	72	2	87
Aug 2018	23	84	2	109
Sep 2018	18	82	0	100
Oct 2018	29	89	8	126
Nov 2018	19	70	1	90
Dec 2018	25	69	0	94
Jan 2019	23	61	0	84
Feb 2019	22	55	1	78
Mar 2019	22	57	2	81
Apr 2019	19	51	0	70
May 2019	19	73	7	99
Jun 2019	14	66	0	80
Jul 2019	20	46	0	66
Aug 2019	29	52	3	84
Sep 2019	26	46	0	72
Oct 2019	19	57	3	79
Nov 2019	16	79	4	99
Dec 2019	21	51	1	73
Jan 2020	42	56	3	101
Feb 2020	37	43	0	80
Mar 2020	40	50	1	91
Apr 2020	46	24	0	70
May 2020	44	34	0	78
Jun 2020	63	34	2	99
Jul 2020	52	53	25	130
Aug 2020	40	35	3	78
Sep 2020	44	29	0	73
Oct 2020	65	59	0	124
Nov 2020	73	61	1	135
Dec 2020	75	78	1	154
Jan 2021	78	59	0	137
Feb 2021	87	50	12	149
Mar 2021	70	73	0	143
Apr 2021	81	65	2	148
May 2021	63	63	3	129
Jun 2021	52	54	0	106
Jul 2021	73	54	0	127
Aug 2021	64	58	2	124
Sep 2021	81	54	5	140
Oct 2021	70	71	3	144
Nov 2021	74	78	2	154
Dec 2021	71	81	3	155
Jan 2022	74	55	3	132
Feb 2022	63	49	5	117
Mar 2022	74	46	3	123
Apr 2022	82	44	2	128
May 2022	98	42	2	142
Jun 2022	108	35	3	146
Jul 2022	87	44	1	132
Aug 2022	81	40	2	123
Sep 2022	75	42	4	121
Oct 2022	81	43	5	129
Nov 2022	112	59	1	172
Dec 2022	95	54	1	150
Jan 2023	106	57	4	167
Feb 2023	112	50	4	166
Mar 2023	149	89	3	241
Apr 2023	99	77	2	178
May 2023	105	70	1	176
Jun 2023	91	60	1	152
Jul 2023	112	66	0	178
Aug 2023	128	58	2	188
Sep 2023	172	72	2	246
Oct 2023	321	90	1	412
Nov 2023	295	45	0	340
Dec 2023	100	62	5	167
Jan 2024	111	87	2	200
Feb 2024	109	79	7	195
Mar 2024	102	72	2	176
Apr 2024	108	73	23	204
May 2024	144	82	6	232
Jun 2024	110	49	2	161
Jul 2024	79	46	6	131
Aug 2024	128	60	5	193
Sep 2024	107	57	2	166
Oct 2024	123	46	2	171
Nov 2024	111	59	3	173
Dec 2024	90	59	1	150
Jan 2025	79	45	1	125
Feb 2025	112	29	0	141
Mar 2025	111	30	3	144
Apr 2025	111	58	1	170
May 2025	105	43	4	152
Jun 2025	116	40	3	159
Jul 2025	134	43	4	181
Aug 2025	135	55	2	192
Sep 2025	122	48	2	172
Oct 2025	99	62	3	164
Nov 2025	131	68	4	203
Dec 2025	22	18	1	41

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 17 Oct 2014)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Oct 2014	30	45	3	78
Nov 2014	54	44	0	98
Dec 2014	11	36	1	48
Jan 2015	25	25	4	54
Feb 2015	5	14	3	22
Mar 2015	5	18	14	37
Apr 2015	13	20	34	67
May 2015	102	78	6	186
Jun 2015	80	45	2	127
Jul 2015	63	47	2	112
Aug 2015	35	42	1	78
Sep 2015	27	31	2	60
Oct 2015	36	31	3	70
Nov 2015	37	22	2	61
Dec 2015	19	24	3	46
Jan 2016	26	33	0	59
Feb 2016	25	30	0	55
Mar 2016	17	13	1	31
Apr 2016	17	31	0	48
May 2016	14	24	3	41
Jun 2016	10	16	1	27
Jul 2016	20	18	2	40
Aug 2016	12	14	0	26
Sep 2016	12	31	0	43
Oct 2016	24	28	1	53
Nov 2016	11	27	0	38
Dec 2016	6	19	1	26
Jan 2017	26	25	1	52
Feb 2017	21	19	0	40
Mar 2017	39	56	1	96
Apr 2017	35	75	0	110
May 2017	41	51	2	94
Jun 2017	40	42	0	82
Jul 2017	23	41	4	68
Aug 2017	15	41	3	59
Sep 2017	22	46	1	69
Oct 2017	18	88	2	108
Nov 2017	29	97	3	129
Dec 2017	17	60	3	80
Jan 2018	13	87	2	102
Feb 2018	19	69	3	91
Mar 2018	27	70	5	102
Apr 2018	19	71	2	92
May 2018	27	74	1	102
Jun 2018	18	65	0	83
Jul 2018	13	72	2	87
Aug 2018	23	84	2	109
Sep 2018	18	82	0	100
Oct 2018	29	89	8	126
Nov 2018	19	70	1	90
Dec 2018	25	69	0	94
Jan 2019	23	61	0	84
Feb 2019	22	55	1	78
Mar 2019	22	57	2	81
Apr 2019	19	51	0	70
May 2019	19	73	7	99
Jun 2019	14	66	0	80
Jul 2019	20	46	0	66
Aug 2019	29	52	3	84
Sep 2019	26	46	0	72
Oct 2019	19	57	3	79
Nov 2019	16	79	4	99
Dec 2019	21	51	1	73
Jan 2020	42	56	3	101
Feb 2020	37	43	0	80
Mar 2020	40	50	1	91
Apr 2020	46	24	0	70
May 2020	44	34	0	78
Jun 2020	63	34	2	99
Jul 2020	52	53	25	130
Aug 2020	40	35	3	78
Sep 2020	44	29	0	73
Oct 2020	65	59	0	124
Nov 2020	73	61	1	135
Dec 2020	75	78	1	154
Jan 2021	78	59	0	137
Feb 2021	87	50	12	149
Mar 2021	70	73	0	143
Apr 2021	81	65	2	148
May 2021	63	63	3	129
Jun 2021	52	54	0	106
Jul 2021	73	54	0	127
Aug 2021	64	58	2	124
Sep 2021	81	54	5	140
Oct 2021	70	71	3	144
Nov 2021	74	78	2	154
Dec 2021	71	81	3	155
Jan 2022	74	55	3	132
Feb 2022	63	49	5	117
Mar 2022	74	46	3	123
Apr 2022	82	44	2	128
May 2022	98	42	2	142
Jun 2022	108	35	3	146
Jul 2022	87	44	1	132
Aug 2022	81	40	2	123
Sep 2022	75	42	4	121
Oct 2022	81	43	5	129
Nov 2022	112	59	1	172
Dec 2022	95	54	1	150
Jan 2023	106	57	4	167
Feb 2023	112	50	4	166
Mar 2023	149	89	3	241
Apr 2023	99	77	2	178
May 2023	105	70	1	176
Jun 2023	91	60	1	152
Jul 2023	112	66	0	178
Aug 2023	128	58	2	188
Sep 2023	172	72	2	246
Oct 2023	321	90	1	412
Nov 2023	295	45	0	340
Dec 2023	100	62	5	167
Jan 2024	111	87	2	200
Feb 2024	109	79	7	195
Mar 2024	102	72	2	176
Apr 2024	108	73	23	204
May 2024	144	82	6	232
Jun 2024	110	49	2	161
Jul 2024	79	46	6	131
Aug 2024	128	60	5	193
Sep 2024	107	57	2	166
Oct 2024	123	46	2	171
Nov 2024	111	59	3	173
Dec 2024	90	59	1	150
Jan 2025	79	45	1	125
Feb 2025	112	29	0	141
Mar 2025	111	30	3	144
Apr 2025	111	58	1	170
May 2025	105	43	4	152
Jun 2025	116	40	3	159
Jul 2025	134	43	4	181
Aug 2025	135	55	2	192
Sep 2025	122	48	2	172
Oct 2025	99	62	3	164
Nov 2025	131	68	4	203
Dec 2025	22	18	1	41

Latest update: 06 Dec 2025

Short summary

Based on a farm household survey of 450 farmers, this study examined the adaptation to climate change and factors affecting the adoption of various adaptation measures at the farm level in Pakistan. The study demonstrates that awareness of climate change is widespread in the area, and farmers are adapting their crops to climate variability. However the adaptation process is constrained due to several factors such as lack of information, lack of money, lack of resources and shortage of water.