Earth System Dynamics
Earth System Dynamics
ESD
Articles | Volume 16, issue 4
Articles | Volume 16, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-1085-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-1085-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 16, issue 4
Research article
 | 
17 Jul 2025
Research article |  | 17 Jul 2025

A causality-based method for multi-model comparison: application to relationships between atmospheric, oceanic and marine biogeochemical variables

Germain Bénard, Marion Gehlen, and Mathieu Vrac

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Short summary
We introduce a novel approach to compare Earth system model output using a causality-based approach. The analysis of interactions between atmospheric, oceanic and biogeochemical variables in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre highlights the dynamics of each model. This method reveals potential underlying causes of model differences, offering a tool for enhanced model evaluation and improved understanding of complex Earth system dynamics under past and future climates.
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