Articles | Volume 15, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-15-933-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-15-933-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Review
| 
30 Jul 2024
Review |
| 30 Jul 2024
| 30 Jul 2024
Developing the Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System (SIOS)
Hanne H. Christiansen
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Arctic Geophysics Department, The University Centre in Svalbard, UNIS, 9170 Longyearbyen, Norway
Ilkka S. O. Matero
Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System (SIOS), SIOS Knowledge Centre, 9170 Longyearbyen, Norway
Lisa Baddeley
Arctic Geophysics Department, The University Centre in Svalbard, UNIS, 9170 Longyearbyen, Norway
Birkeland Centre for Space Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
Kim Holmén
Norwegian Polar Institute, Framsenteret, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
Clara J. M. Hoppe
Department of Marine Biogeosciences, Alfred Wegener Institute – Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
Maarten J. J. E. Loonen
Department of Arctic and Antarctic Studies, University of Groningen, Arctic Centre,9 Aweg 30, 9718 CW Groningen, the Netherlands
Rune Storvold
Observing Systems, Norwegian Research Centre, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
Vito Vitale
Institute of Polar Sciences, Italian National Research Council, 40129 Bologna, Italy
Agata Zaborska
Marine Chemistry department, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
Heikki Lihavainen
Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System (SIOS), SIOS Knowledge Centre, 9170 Longyearbyen, Norway
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Svalbard is a relevant area to evaluate changes in local environmental processes induced by Arctic Amplification (AA). By comparing the snow chemical composition of the 2019–20 season with 2018–19 and 2020–21, we provide an overview of the potential impacts of AA on the Svalbard snowpack, and associated changes in aerosol production process, influenced by a complex interplay between atmospheric patterns, local and oceanic conditions that jointly drive snowpack impurity amounts and composition.
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Models still fail in reproducing black carbon (BC) temporal variability in the Arctic. Analysis of equivalent BC concentrations in the European Arctic shows that BC seasonal variability is modulated by the efficiency of removal by precipitation during transport towards high latitudes. Short-term variability is controlled by synoptic-scale circulation patterns. The advection of warm air from lower latitudes is an effective pollution transport pathway during summer.
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Frozen saline pore water, left over from post-glacial marine ingression, was found in shallow permafrost in a Svalbard fjord valley. This suggests that freezing occurred immediately after marine regression due to isostatic rebound. We conducted top-down freezing simulations, which confirmed that with Early to mid-Holocene temperatures (e.g. −4 °C), freezing could progress down to 20–40 m within 200 years. This, in turn, could inhibit flow through the sediment, therefore preserving saline fluids.
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Nataliya Sergeevna Nosikova, Nadezda Viktorovna Yagova, Lisa Jane Baddeley, Dag Arne Lorentzen, and Dmitriy Anatolyevich Sormakov
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Johan H. Scheller, Mikhail Mastepanov, Hanne H. Christiansen, and Torben R. Christensen
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Our study presents a time series of methane emissions in a high-Arctic-tundra landscape over 14 summers, which shows large variations between years. The methane emissions from the valley are expected to more than double in the late 21st century. This warming increases permafrost thaw, which could increase surface erosion in the valley. Increased erosion could offset some of the rise in methane fluxes from the valley, but this would require large-scale impacts on vegetated surfaces.
Johan Ström, Jonas Svensson, Henri Honkanen, Eija Asmi, Nathaniel B. Dkhar, Shresth Tayal, Ved P. Sharma, Rakesh Hooda, Outi Meinander, Matti Leppäranta, Hans-Werner Jacobi, Heikki Lihavainen, and Antti Hyvärinen
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Revised manuscript not accepted
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Jonas Svensson, Johan Ström, Henri Honkanen, Eija Asmi, Nathaniel B. Dkhar, Shresth Tayal, Ved P. Sharma, Rakesh Hooda, Matti Leppäranta, Hans-Werner Jacobi, Heikki Lihavainen, and Antti Hyvärinen
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Andreas Alexander, Jaroslav Obu, Thomas V. Schuler, Andreas Kääb, and Hanne H. Christiansen
The Cryosphere, 14, 4217–4231, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4217-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4217-2020, 2020
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Emily White, Clara J. M. Hoppe, and Björn Rost
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The Arctic picoeukaryote Micromonas pusilla was acclimated to two pCO2 levels under a constant and a dynamic light, simulating more realistic light fields. M. pusilla was able to benefit from ocean acidification with an increase in growth rate, irrespective of the light regime. In dynamic light M. pusilla optimised its photophysiology for effective light usage during both low- and high-light periods. This highlights M. pusilla is likely to cope well with future conditions in the Arctic Ocean.
Edyta Łokas, Agata Zaborska, Ireneusz Sobota, Paweł Gaca, J. Andrew Milton, Paweł Kocurek, and Anna Cwanek
The Cryosphere, 13, 2075–2086, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2075-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2075-2019, 2019
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Clara Jule Marie Hoppe, Clara M. Flintrop, and Björn Rost
Biogeosciences, 15, 4353–4365, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4353-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4353-2018, 2018
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Responses of the Arctic microalgae Micromonas pusilla to different pCO2 levels were investigated at two temperatures. We observed that warming and ocean acidification (OA) synergistically increased growth rates. Furthermore, elevated temperature shifted the pCO2 optimum of biomass production to higher levels. This seem to be caused by more efficient photosynthesis under warmer and more acidic conditions. Our findings explain the dominance of picoeukaryotes frequently observed in OA experiments.
John Faulkner Burkhart, Arve Kylling, Crystal B. Schaaf, Zhuosen Wang, Wiley Bogren, Rune Storvold, Stian Solbø, Christina A. Pedersen, and Sebastian Gerland
The Cryosphere, 11, 1575–1589, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1575-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1575-2017, 2017
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We present the first use of spectrometer measurements from a drone to assess reflectance and albedo over the Greenland Ice Sheet. In order to measure albedo – a critical parameter in the earth's energy balance – a drone was flown along 200 km transects coincident with Terra and Aqua satellites flying MODIS. We present a direct comparison of UAV-measured reflectance with satellite data over Greenland and provide a new method to study cryospheric surfaces using UAV with spectral instruments.
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Short summary
We provide an overview of the state and future of Earth system science in Svalbard as a synthesis of the recommendations made by the scientific community active in the archipelago. This work helped identify foci for developments of the observing system and a path forward to reach the full interdisciplinarity needed to operate at Earth system science scale. Better understanding of the processes in Svalbard will benefit both process-level understanding and Earth system models.
We provide an overview of the state and future of Earth system science in Svalbard as a...
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