Articles | Volume 11, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-579-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-579-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
14 Jul 2020
Research article |
| 14 Jul 2020
| 14 Jul 2020
Reaching 1.5 and 2.0 °C global surface temperature targets using stratospheric aerosol geoengineering
Atmospheric Chemistry, Observations, and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
Douglas G. MacMartin
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
Jan T. M. Lenaerts
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
Leo van Kampenhout
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Laura Muntjewerf
Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
Cheryl S. Harrison
School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Port Isabel, TX, USA
Kristen M. Krumhardt
Climate Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
Michael J. Mills
Atmospheric Chemistry, Observations, and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
Ben Kravitz
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
Alan Robock
Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
Viewed
Total article views: 7,233 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 03 Dec 2019)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5,161 | 1,959 | 113 | 7,233 | 109 | 123 |
- HTML: 5,161
- PDF: 1,959
- XML: 113
- Total: 7,233
- BibTeX: 109
- EndNote: 123
Total article views: 5,770 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 14 Jul 2020)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4,488 | 1,192 | 90 | 5,770 | 82 | 96 |
- HTML: 4,488
- PDF: 1,192
- XML: 90
- Total: 5,770
- BibTeX: 82
- EndNote: 96
Total article views: 1,463 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 03 Dec 2019)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 673 | 767 | 23 | 1,463 | 27 | 27 |
- HTML: 673
- PDF: 767
- XML: 23
- Total: 1,463
- BibTeX: 27
- EndNote: 27
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 7,233 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 6,784 with geography defined
and 449 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 5,770 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 5,441 with geography defined
and 329 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 1,463 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 1,343 with geography defined
and 120 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
46 citations as recorded by crossref.
- G6-1.5K-SAI: a new Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) experiment integrating recent advances in solar radiation modification studies D. Visioni et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-2583-2024
- Dependence of strategic solar climate intervention on background scenario and model physics J. Fasullo & J. Richter 10.5194/acp-23-163-2023
- Stratospheric ozone, UV radiation, and climate interactions G. Bernhard et al. 10.1007/s43630-023-00371-y
- Stratospheric ozone response to sulfate aerosol and solar dimming climate interventions based on the G6 Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) simulations S. Tilmes et al. 10.5194/acp-22-4557-2022
- An Optimal Control Perspective on Weather and Climate Modification S. Soldatenko & R. Yusupov 10.3390/math9040305
- Public opinion about solar radiation management: A cross-cultural study in 20 countries around the world N. Contzen et al. 10.1007/s10584-024-03708-3
- Future water storage changes over the Mediterranean, Middle East, and North Africa in response to global warming and stratospheric aerosol intervention A. Rezaei et al. 10.5194/esd-15-91-2024
- A systematic literature review considering the implementation of planetary geoengineering techniques for the mitigation of sea-level rise R. Minunno et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104431
- Optimal climate intervention scenarios for crop production vary by nation B. Clark et al. 10.1038/s43016-023-00853-3
- Assessing Responses and Impacts of Solar climate intervention on the Earth system with stratospheric aerosol injection (ARISE-SAI): protocol and initial results from the first simulations J. Richter et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-8221-2022
- Potential ecological impacts of climate intervention by reflecting sunlight to cool Earth P. Zarnetske et al. 10.1073/pnas.1921854118
- A Modest Defense of Geoengineering Research: a Case Study in the Cost of Learning E. Winsberg 10.1007/s13347-021-00452-9
- Impact of solar geoengineering on wildfires in the 21st century in CESM2/WACCM6 W. Tang et al. 10.5194/acp-23-5467-2023
- Hydrological Consequences of Solar Geoengineering K. Ricke et al. 10.1146/annurev-earth-031920-083456
- Systemic risks and solar climate engineering research. Integrating technology ethics into the governance of systemic risks B. Hofbauer 10.1080/13669877.2023.2288010
- Diminished efficacy of regional marine cloud brightening in a warmer world J. Wan et al. 10.1038/s41558-024-02046-7
- Is Turning Down the Sun a Good Proxy for Stratospheric Sulfate Geoengineering? D. Visioni et al. 10.1029/2020JD033952
- Expanding the design space of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering to include precipitation-based objectives and explore trade-offs W. Lee et al. 10.5194/esd-11-1051-2020
- Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence to Quantify “Climate Distinguishability” After Stratospheric Aerosol Injection A. Mamalakis et al. 10.1029/2023GL106137
- Opinion: The scientific and community-building roles of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) – past, present, and future D. Visioni et al. 10.5194/acp-23-5149-2023
- Limitations of assuming internal mixing between different aerosol species: a case study with sulfate geoengineering simulations D. Visioni et al. 10.5194/acp-22-1739-2022
- Quantification of tropical monsoon precipitation changes in terms of interhemispheric differences in stratospheric sulfate aerosol optical depth S. Roose et al. 10.1007/s00382-023-06799-3
- Stratospheric aerosol injection may impact global systems and human health outcomes S. Tracy et al. 10.1525/elementa.2022.00047
- Probability of continued local-scale warming and extreme events during and after decarbonization N. Diffenbaugh et al. 10.1088/2752-5295/accf2f
- Climate, Variability, and Climate Sensitivity of “Middle Atmosphere” Chemistry Configurations of the Community Earth System Model Version 2, Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model Version 6 (CESM2(WACCM6)) N. Davis et al. 10.1029/2022MS003579
- Techno-moral change through solar geoengineering: How geoengineering challenges sustainability B. Hofbauer 10.13169/prometheus.38.1.0082
- Identifying the sources of uncertainty in climate model simulations of solar radiation modification with the G6sulfur and G6solar Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) simulations D. Visioni et al. 10.5194/acp-21-10039-2021
- Climate response to off-equatorial stratospheric sulfur injections in three Earth system models – Part 1: Experimental protocols and surface changes D. Visioni et al. 10.5194/acp-23-663-2023
- High‐Latitude Stratospheric Aerosol Injection to Preserve the Arctic W. Lee et al. 10.1029/2022EF003052
- Sensitivity of Total Column Ozone to Stratospheric Sulfur Injection Strategies S. Tilmes et al. 10.1029/2021GL094058
- Solar Geoengineering in the Polar Regions: A Review A. Duffey et al. 10.1029/2023EF003679
- North Atlantic Oscillation response in GeoMIP experiments G6solar and G6sulfur: why detailed modelling is needed for understanding regional implications of solar radiation management A. Jones et al. 10.5194/acp-21-1287-2021
- Impacts of three types of solar geoengineering on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation M. Xie et al. 10.5194/acp-22-4581-2022
- High‐Latitude Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering Can Be More Effective if Injection Is Limited to Spring W. Lee et al. 10.1029/2021GL092696
- Scenarios for modeling solar radiation modification D. MacMartin et al. 10.1073/pnas.2202230119
- Comparison of UKESM1 and CESM2 simulations using the same multi-target stratospheric aerosol injection strategy M. Henry et al. 10.5194/acp-23-13369-2023
- The Indonesian Throughflow circulation under solar geoengineering C. Shen et al. 10.5194/esd-14-1317-2023
- Vatnajökull Mass Loss Under Solar Geoengineering Due to the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation C. Yue et al. 10.1029/2021EF002052
- Managing the risks of missing international climate targets G. Taylor & S. Vink 10.1016/j.crm.2021.100379
- Hemispherically symmetric strategies for stratospheric aerosol injection Y. Zhang et al. 10.5194/esd-15-191-2024
- Climate intervention on a high-emissions pathway could delay but not prevent West Antarctic Ice Sheet demise J. Sutter et al. 10.1038/s41558-023-01738-w
- Brief communication: Reduction in the future Greenland ice sheet surface melt with the help of solar geoengineering X. Fettweis et al. 10.5194/tc-15-3013-2021
- Indices of extremes: geographic patterns of change in extremes and associated vegetation impacts under climate intervention M. Tye et al. 10.5194/esd-13-1233-2022
- Changes in global teleconnection patterns under global warming and stratospheric aerosol intervention scenarios A. Rezaei et al. 10.5194/acp-23-5835-2023
- Social science research to inform solar geoengineering J. Aldy et al. 10.1126/science.abj6517
- Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Niño and Lead to Eurasian Warming? F. Liu et al. 10.1007/s00376-020-2041-z
45 citations as recorded by crossref.
- G6-1.5K-SAI: a new Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) experiment integrating recent advances in solar radiation modification studies D. Visioni et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-2583-2024
- Dependence of strategic solar climate intervention on background scenario and model physics J. Fasullo & J. Richter 10.5194/acp-23-163-2023
- Stratospheric ozone, UV radiation, and climate interactions G. Bernhard et al. 10.1007/s43630-023-00371-y
- Stratospheric ozone response to sulfate aerosol and solar dimming climate interventions based on the G6 Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) simulations S. Tilmes et al. 10.5194/acp-22-4557-2022
- An Optimal Control Perspective on Weather and Climate Modification S. Soldatenko & R. Yusupov 10.3390/math9040305
- Public opinion about solar radiation management: A cross-cultural study in 20 countries around the world N. Contzen et al. 10.1007/s10584-024-03708-3
- Future water storage changes over the Mediterranean, Middle East, and North Africa in response to global warming and stratospheric aerosol intervention A. Rezaei et al. 10.5194/esd-15-91-2024
- A systematic literature review considering the implementation of planetary geoengineering techniques for the mitigation of sea-level rise R. Minunno et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104431
- Optimal climate intervention scenarios for crop production vary by nation B. Clark et al. 10.1038/s43016-023-00853-3
- Assessing Responses and Impacts of Solar climate intervention on the Earth system with stratospheric aerosol injection (ARISE-SAI): protocol and initial results from the first simulations J. Richter et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-8221-2022
- Potential ecological impacts of climate intervention by reflecting sunlight to cool Earth P. Zarnetske et al. 10.1073/pnas.1921854118
- A Modest Defense of Geoengineering Research: a Case Study in the Cost of Learning E. Winsberg 10.1007/s13347-021-00452-9
- Impact of solar geoengineering on wildfires in the 21st century in CESM2/WACCM6 W. Tang et al. 10.5194/acp-23-5467-2023
- Hydrological Consequences of Solar Geoengineering K. Ricke et al. 10.1146/annurev-earth-031920-083456
- Systemic risks and solar climate engineering research. Integrating technology ethics into the governance of systemic risks B. Hofbauer 10.1080/13669877.2023.2288010
- Diminished efficacy of regional marine cloud brightening in a warmer world J. Wan et al. 10.1038/s41558-024-02046-7
- Is Turning Down the Sun a Good Proxy for Stratospheric Sulfate Geoengineering? D. Visioni et al. 10.1029/2020JD033952
- Expanding the design space of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering to include precipitation-based objectives and explore trade-offs W. Lee et al. 10.5194/esd-11-1051-2020
- Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence to Quantify “Climate Distinguishability” After Stratospheric Aerosol Injection A. Mamalakis et al. 10.1029/2023GL106137
- Opinion: The scientific and community-building roles of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) – past, present, and future D. Visioni et al. 10.5194/acp-23-5149-2023
- Limitations of assuming internal mixing between different aerosol species: a case study with sulfate geoengineering simulations D. Visioni et al. 10.5194/acp-22-1739-2022
- Quantification of tropical monsoon precipitation changes in terms of interhemispheric differences in stratospheric sulfate aerosol optical depth S. Roose et al. 10.1007/s00382-023-06799-3
- Stratospheric aerosol injection may impact global systems and human health outcomes S. Tracy et al. 10.1525/elementa.2022.00047
- Probability of continued local-scale warming and extreme events during and after decarbonization N. Diffenbaugh et al. 10.1088/2752-5295/accf2f
- Climate, Variability, and Climate Sensitivity of “Middle Atmosphere” Chemistry Configurations of the Community Earth System Model Version 2, Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model Version 6 (CESM2(WACCM6)) N. Davis et al. 10.1029/2022MS003579
- Techno-moral change through solar geoengineering: How geoengineering challenges sustainability B. Hofbauer 10.13169/prometheus.38.1.0082
- Identifying the sources of uncertainty in climate model simulations of solar radiation modification with the G6sulfur and G6solar Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) simulations D. Visioni et al. 10.5194/acp-21-10039-2021
- Climate response to off-equatorial stratospheric sulfur injections in three Earth system models – Part 1: Experimental protocols and surface changes D. Visioni et al. 10.5194/acp-23-663-2023
- High‐Latitude Stratospheric Aerosol Injection to Preserve the Arctic W. Lee et al. 10.1029/2022EF003052
- Sensitivity of Total Column Ozone to Stratospheric Sulfur Injection Strategies S. Tilmes et al. 10.1029/2021GL094058
- Solar Geoengineering in the Polar Regions: A Review A. Duffey et al. 10.1029/2023EF003679
- North Atlantic Oscillation response in GeoMIP experiments G6solar and G6sulfur: why detailed modelling is needed for understanding regional implications of solar radiation management A. Jones et al. 10.5194/acp-21-1287-2021
- Impacts of three types of solar geoengineering on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation M. Xie et al. 10.5194/acp-22-4581-2022
- High‐Latitude Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering Can Be More Effective if Injection Is Limited to Spring W. Lee et al. 10.1029/2021GL092696
- Scenarios for modeling solar radiation modification D. MacMartin et al. 10.1073/pnas.2202230119
- Comparison of UKESM1 and CESM2 simulations using the same multi-target stratospheric aerosol injection strategy M. Henry et al. 10.5194/acp-23-13369-2023
- The Indonesian Throughflow circulation under solar geoengineering C. Shen et al. 10.5194/esd-14-1317-2023
- Vatnajökull Mass Loss Under Solar Geoengineering Due to the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation C. Yue et al. 10.1029/2021EF002052
- Managing the risks of missing international climate targets G. Taylor & S. Vink 10.1016/j.crm.2021.100379
- Hemispherically symmetric strategies for stratospheric aerosol injection Y. Zhang et al. 10.5194/esd-15-191-2024
- Climate intervention on a high-emissions pathway could delay but not prevent West Antarctic Ice Sheet demise J. Sutter et al. 10.1038/s41558-023-01738-w
- Brief communication: Reduction in the future Greenland ice sheet surface melt with the help of solar geoengineering X. Fettweis et al. 10.5194/tc-15-3013-2021
- Indices of extremes: geographic patterns of change in extremes and associated vegetation impacts under climate intervention M. Tye et al. 10.5194/esd-13-1233-2022
- Changes in global teleconnection patterns under global warming and stratospheric aerosol intervention scenarios A. Rezaei et al. 10.5194/acp-23-5835-2023
- Social science research to inform solar geoengineering J. Aldy et al. 10.1126/science.abj6517
1 citations as recorded by crossref.
Latest update: 29 Jun 2024
Short summary
This paper introduces new geoengineering model experiments as part of a larger model intercomparison effort, using reflective particles to block some of the incoming solar radiation to reach surface temperature targets. Outcomes of these applications are contrasted based on a high greenhouse gas emission pathway and a pathway with strong mitigation and negative emissions after 2040. We compare quantities that matter for societal and ecosystem impacts between the different scenarios.
This paper introduces new geoengineering model experiments as part of a larger model...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint