Articles | Volume 10, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-10-885-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-10-885-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
13 Dec 2019
Research article |
| 13 Dec 2019
| 13 Dec 2019
Climate system response to stratospheric sulfate aerosols: sensitivity to altitude of aerosol layer
Krishna-Pillai Sukumara-Pillai Krishnamohan
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of
Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
Govindasamy Bala
Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of
Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
Long Cao
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310027, China
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310027, China
Department
of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
Ken Caldeira
Department
of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Cited
24 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The cost of stratospheric aerosol injection through 2100 W. Smith 10.1088/1748-9326/aba7e7
- The Climatic Effects of Hygroscopic Growth of Sulfate Aerosols in the Stratosphere K. Krishnamohan et al. 10.1029/2019EF001326
- Large Variations in Volcanic Aerosol Forcing Efficiency Due to Eruption Source Parameters and Rapid Adjustments L. Marshall et al. 10.1029/2020GL090241
- An update on engineering issues concerning stratospheric aerosol injection for geoengineering A. Lockley et al. 10.1088/2515-7620/aba944
- Southern Hemisphere continental temperature responses to major volcanic eruptions since 1883 in CMIP5 models P. Harvey & S. Grab 10.1007/s00704-021-03810-x
- Response of the Southern Hemisphere extratropical cyclone climatology to climate intervention with stratospheric aerosol injection M. Reboita et al. 10.1088/2752-5295/ad519e
- Major Volcanic Eruptions and Their Impacts on Southern Hemisphere Temperatures During the Late 19th and 20th Centuries, as Simulated by CMIP5 Models P. Harvey et al. 10.1029/2020GL087792
- Sensitivity of tropical monsoon precipitation to the latitude of stratospheric aerosol injections K. Krishnamohan & G. Bala 10.1007/s00382-021-06121-z
- Injection strategy – a driver of atmospheric circulation and ozone response to stratospheric aerosol geoengineering E. Bednarz et al. 10.5194/acp-23-13665-2023
- External Surface Water Influence on Explosive Eruption Dynamics, With Implications for Stratospheric Sulfur Delivery and Volcano-Climate Feedback C. Rowell et al. 10.3389/feart.2022.788294
- Stratospheric Aerosol and Ozone Responses to the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption J. Lu et al. 10.1029/2022GL102315
- The impact of volcanic eruptions of different magnitude on stratospheric water vapor in the tropics C. Kroll et al. 10.5194/acp-21-6565-2021
- Southern African temperature responses to major volcanic eruptions since 1883: Simulated by CMIP5 models P. Harvey & S. Grab 10.1002/joc.7135
- Climate Response to Latitudinal and Altitudinal Distribution of Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosols M. Zhao et al. 10.1029/2021JD035379
- Review of possible very high-altitude platforms for stratospheric aerosol injection W. Smith et al. 10.1088/2515-7620/ac4f5d
- Quantifying the Efficiency of Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering at Different Altitudes W. Lee et al. 10.1029/2023GL104417
- An investigation of the relationship between tropical monsoon precipitation changes and stratospheric sulfate aerosol optical depth A. Xavier et al. 10.1093/oxfclm/kgae016
- Quantification of tropical monsoon precipitation changes in terms of interhemispheric differences in stratospheric sulfate aerosol optical depth S. Roose et al. 10.1007/s00382-023-06799-3
- Impact of SO2 and light on chemical morphology and hygroscopicity of natural salt aerosols X. Kong et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120373
- Unearthing terrestrial extreme microbiomes for searching terrestrial-like life in the Solar System C. Coleine & M. Delgado-Baquerizo 10.1016/j.tim.2022.04.002
- Early Evolution of the Stratospheric Aerosol Plume Following the 2022 Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Eruption: Lidar Observations From Reunion (21°S, 55°E) A. Baron et al. 10.1029/2022GL101751
- Sensitivity of the global hydrological cycle to the altitude of stratospheric sulphate aerosol layer U. K H et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad5e9d
- Uncertainty and the basis for confidence in solar geoengineering research B. Kravitz & D. MacMartin 10.1038/s43017-019-0004-7
- Regional Response of Land Hydrology and Carbon Uptake to Different Amounts of Solar Radiation Modification M. Zhao & L. Cao 10.1029/2022EF003288
22 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The cost of stratospheric aerosol injection through 2100 W. Smith 10.1088/1748-9326/aba7e7
- The Climatic Effects of Hygroscopic Growth of Sulfate Aerosols in the Stratosphere K. Krishnamohan et al. 10.1029/2019EF001326
- Large Variations in Volcanic Aerosol Forcing Efficiency Due to Eruption Source Parameters and Rapid Adjustments L. Marshall et al. 10.1029/2020GL090241
- An update on engineering issues concerning stratospheric aerosol injection for geoengineering A. Lockley et al. 10.1088/2515-7620/aba944
- Southern Hemisphere continental temperature responses to major volcanic eruptions since 1883 in CMIP5 models P. Harvey & S. Grab 10.1007/s00704-021-03810-x
- Response of the Southern Hemisphere extratropical cyclone climatology to climate intervention with stratospheric aerosol injection M. Reboita et al. 10.1088/2752-5295/ad519e
- Major Volcanic Eruptions and Their Impacts on Southern Hemisphere Temperatures During the Late 19th and 20th Centuries, as Simulated by CMIP5 Models P. Harvey et al. 10.1029/2020GL087792
- Sensitivity of tropical monsoon precipitation to the latitude of stratospheric aerosol injections K. Krishnamohan & G. Bala 10.1007/s00382-021-06121-z
- Injection strategy – a driver of atmospheric circulation and ozone response to stratospheric aerosol geoengineering E. Bednarz et al. 10.5194/acp-23-13665-2023
- External Surface Water Influence on Explosive Eruption Dynamics, With Implications for Stratospheric Sulfur Delivery and Volcano-Climate Feedback C. Rowell et al. 10.3389/feart.2022.788294
- Stratospheric Aerosol and Ozone Responses to the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption J. Lu et al. 10.1029/2022GL102315
- The impact of volcanic eruptions of different magnitude on stratospheric water vapor in the tropics C. Kroll et al. 10.5194/acp-21-6565-2021
- Southern African temperature responses to major volcanic eruptions since 1883: Simulated by CMIP5 models P. Harvey & S. Grab 10.1002/joc.7135
- Climate Response to Latitudinal and Altitudinal Distribution of Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosols M. Zhao et al. 10.1029/2021JD035379
- Review of possible very high-altitude platforms for stratospheric aerosol injection W. Smith et al. 10.1088/2515-7620/ac4f5d
- Quantifying the Efficiency of Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering at Different Altitudes W. Lee et al. 10.1029/2023GL104417
- An investigation of the relationship between tropical monsoon precipitation changes and stratospheric sulfate aerosol optical depth A. Xavier et al. 10.1093/oxfclm/kgae016
- Quantification of tropical monsoon precipitation changes in terms of interhemispheric differences in stratospheric sulfate aerosol optical depth S. Roose et al. 10.1007/s00382-023-06799-3
- Impact of SO2 and light on chemical morphology and hygroscopicity of natural salt aerosols X. Kong et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120373
- Unearthing terrestrial extreme microbiomes for searching terrestrial-like life in the Solar System C. Coleine & M. Delgado-Baquerizo 10.1016/j.tim.2022.04.002
- Early Evolution of the Stratospheric Aerosol Plume Following the 2022 Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Eruption: Lidar Observations From Reunion (21°S, 55°E) A. Baron et al. 10.1029/2022GL101751
- Sensitivity of the global hydrological cycle to the altitude of stratospheric sulphate aerosol layer U. K H et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad5e9d
2 citations as recorded by crossref.
Latest update: 01 Nov 2024
Short summary
We find that sulfate aerosols are more effective in cooling the climate system when they reside higher in the stratosphere. We explain this sensitivity in terms of radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere. Sulfate aerosols heat the stratospheric layers, causing an increase in stratospheric water vapor content and a reduction in high clouds. These changes are larger when aerosols are prescribed near the tropopause, offsetting part of the aerosol-induced negative radiative forcing/cooling.
We find that sulfate aerosols are more effective in cooling the climate system when they reside...
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