An operational lake forecast system was developed and tested for a large lake. The system predicted storm-surge and up-/down-welling events that are important for flood water and drinking water/fishery management. This study provides an example of the successful development of an operational forecast system, driven by open-access meteorological forecast, validated by online real-time observations, that can be adapted to simulate aquatic systems as required for management and public safety.

We developed the T-CHOIR, a hydrologic simulation framework, to solve fluvial- and thermo- dynamics of river-lake continuum. This provides an algorithm for upscaling high-resolution topography as well, which enables the representation of those interactions at the global scale. Validation against in-situ and satellite observations shows that the coupled mode outperforms river or lake only modes. T-CHOIR will contribute to elucidate the role of surface hydrology in Earth’s energy and water cycle.

Antarctica consists most of frozen water, and it makes the continent sensitive to warming due to enhancing a transition/exchange of water from solid (ice and snow) to liquid (lakes and rivers). Therefore, it is important to know how fast is water exchanges in the Antarctic lakes. The study gives first estimates of scales for water exchange for five lakes located in the Larsemann Hills oasis. Two methods are suggested to evaluate the time scale for the lakes depending on their type.

Small lakes are a dominant portion of inland freshwaters, but their response to climate change is rarely addressed. The thermal regime of a small and shallow lake was evaluated over a 6-decade period through hydrodynamic modelling. Significant changes were found: maximum water warming in Spring and Summer (0.7 °C/dec), increased stratification and energy for phytoplankton growth during Spring and Autumn. Such changes, must be considered for appropriate management policies of similar ecosystems.